(SATURN WORSHIP) THE BLACK CUBE Saturn, , is the reason why we exchange wedding rings or put halos on the heads of godly people. The entire world has been worshiping Saturn, dubbed the “Lord of the Rings” for thousands of years. Before the Great Flood, Saturn was regarded by all mankind as the supreme god and ruler of the kings. Saturn ruled the kingdom of Atlans and became the divine ancestor of all earthly patriarchs and kings.
“Chronos, or Saturn, Dionysos, Hyperion, Atlas, Hercules, were all connected with ‘a great Saturnian continent;’ they were kings that ruled over countries on the western shores of the Mediterranean, Africa and Spain. ”- Baldwin, Prehistoric Nations In Egyptian mythology Isis is considered Saturn’s eldest daughter: “I am Isis, Queen of this country. I was instructed by Mercury. No one can destroy the laws which I have established. I am the eldest daughter of Saturn, most ancient of the Gods”. The god Saturn as “El”. The supreme deity was represented by a black cube. Black Cube of Mecca..that they circle around it like Saturn rings! The Borg Cube (which represents the
Black Cube) passes by Saturn... The name Is-Ra-El is the combination of the names of ancient pagan deities Isis, Ra and El. The Greeks and the Romans worshiped Saturn as a cruel deity. A brief summary of the mythology of Saturn in the western world: "With the deposing of his father, Saturn became the ruler of the Universe for untold ages and he reigned with his sister, Ops, who also became his wife. It was prophesied that one day Saturn would lose power when one of his children would depose him. To prevent this from happening, each time Ops delivered a child Saturn would immediately swallow it. When her sixth child, Jupiter (Zeus), was born, Ops had him spirited away to the island of Crete. She then wrapped
a stone in his swaddling clothes. Her deception was complete when Saturn swallowed it, thinking it was the child. When Jupiter was grown, he secured the job of cup-bearer to his father. With the help of Gaia, his grandmother, Jupiter fed his father a potion that caused him to vomit up Jupiter’s five siblings: Vesta (Hestia), Ceres (Demeter), Juno (Hera), Pluto (Hades), and Neptune (Poseidon).” -Wikipedia, Saturn (mythology) Saturn always had a negative, if not evil significance. In ancient times, it has been called “The Greater Malefic” which was opposed to Jupiter, “The Greater Benefic”. Saturn is esoterically associated with man’s limitations, restrictions, death and decay. His
Greek name was “Kronos”, the ruler of time, time being the main factor inevitably leading to the death of mortals. Traditional representations of the “grim reaper” originate from the attributes of the god Saturn, who held the sickle with which he slain his father. SATURN AND SATAN Saturn has also been associated with Satan and this, for numerous reasons. First, many authors argue that the word Satan is derived from the word Saturn. Second, Saturn is associated with the color black as well as Satan. Third, Ancients considered Saturn to be the farthest planet from the sun , the latter being associated with the principle of Good. (Note that Pluto never was
considered a planet). Saturn is consequently the celestial body that is the less exposed to the sun’s divine light and thus associated with the coldness of the principle of Evil. Finally, the “great god Pan”, the horned deity, represented Saturn in ancient paganism. This halfman half-goat creature is considered the ancestor of our modern depictions of Satan. “Pan was a composite creature, the upper part–with the exception of his horns–being human, and the lower part in the form of a goat. (…)The pipes of Pan signify the natural harmony of the spheres, and the god himself is a symbol of Saturn because this planet is enthroned in Capricorn, whose
emblem is a goat” - Manly P. Hall, Secret Teachings of All Ages So Pan was depicted with horns due to the fact it represented Saturn, the ruler of the house of Capricorn which symbol is a goat. Pan was the controlling spirit of the lower worlds. He was portrayed roaming through the forests, penis erect, drunk and lascivious, frolicking with nymphs and piping his way through the wild. We might say he ruled the lower nature of man, its animal side, not unlike Satan. Despite acknowledging its association with Evil, secret societies find the veneration of Saturn necessary to obtain illumination. It is the necessary counterpart of the principle of Good.
Masonic authors clearly associate Saturn with Satan: “Saturn is the opposite to Jupiter; his symbol is the cross above the sign of Luna. He is the Satan, the Tempter, or rather the Tester. His function is to chastise and tame the unruly passions in the primitive man.” - J.S. Ward, Freemasonry and the Ancient Gods Probably the most extreme example of a secret society worshiping Saturn’s Evil principle is the “Fraternitas Saturni”. This occult organization is based in Germany and openly embodies the hidden side of Saturn worship. “The Fraternitas Saturni (FS), the Brotherhood of Saturn, has become known to English readers through
fragmentary descriptions which emphasize the sensational, sex-magical aspects of this lodge’s work or else its darker, more Satanic, side.This is understandable in light of the fact that the FS is (or was) the most unabashedly Luciferian organization in the modern Western occult revival, and its practice of sexual occultism perhaps the most elaborately detailed of any such lodge. The FS represents a unique blend of astrological cosmology, neo-Gnostic daemonology, sexual occultism, and Freemasonic organizational principles. This grand synthesis was originally the vision of one man, the long-time Grand Master of
the FS, Gregor A. Gregorius.” - Stephen E. Flowers, Fire & Ice: The History, Structure, and Rituals of Germany’s Most Influential Modern Magical Order: The Brotherhood of Saturn
Loki arrives on Earth standing upon a black hexagon. The hexagon is a subliminal 2D representation of a 3D cube. The Black Cube represents the ‘All-Spark’ (cube) Loki represents SET (Saturn/Satan), the Ancient Egyptian God of Evil, Darkness, Chaos, War & Conflict. He is seen holding a staff, which represents the War Scepter. In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek ἕξ hex, “six”) is a polygon with six edges and six vertices. A regular hexagon
has Schläfli symbol . The total of the internal angles of any hexagon is 720°.
In the Ausarian drama we find that Ausar (Greek: Osiris) is chopped into 13 pieces by Set. Auset (Isis) collects all of his pieces save his phallus. Horus, son of Ausar and Auset sets out to avenge the death and dismemberment of his father by confronting Set. Horus is victorious over Set and Ausar, being brought back from the dead becomes lord of the underworld. It is this drama that gives us the cosmic conflict between good and evil, evil being embodied by Set. Set was not always seen as an evil
character in Ancient Egyptian theology. There are many times in Ancient Egyptian history where conflicts between different “houses” lead to the depreciation of one god relative to another. As in most polytheistic faiths, the characters involved differentiate themselves from the Western tradition of a devil in that all the gods are closely related. In this case, numerous historic texts suggest that Set is the Uncle or Brother of Horus and in the “defeat” of Set, we see another separation from the norm in the devouring/assimilation of Set into Horus with the result of Horus having depictions of both the falcon head and the (unknown animal) head of
Set. This (like Buddhism) represents a dissolution of dichotomy.
1John 3:8b For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy (luo) the works of the devil. We only have TWO SPIRITUAL KINGDOMS to choose from, The adversary or God the Father. The adversary's objectives as the thief......1-STEAL, 2- KILL, 3- DESTROY The adversary's motives.....1- To be
worshiped like the MOST HIGH GOD. 2-TO HINDER THE PURPOSES OF GOD
www.unclemikeysresearch.com/DNA/D NA-The_Most_Holy_Place.pdf
Saturn And The Occult And you took up the tent of Molek (Malik), and the star of your mighty one Kiyyun (Kan), images which you made to bow before them. Therefore I shall remove you beyond Bab'el Acts 7:43 The "tent of Molek" and "Kiyyn".
According to "Masonic and Occult Symbols Illustrated" Moloch/Molek is none other than a pagan god with many names; one of which is Saturn: "...Osiris (also known as Saba, a sun deity, represented by horns and his emblem was a serpent) united with his sister, Isis, which resulted in the birth of Horus the Egyptian god of the dead as well as a Sun God .. Osiris is known by many other names in other countries: In Thrace and Greece, he is known as Dionysus, the god of pleasures and of partying and wine. The Phrygians know Osiris as Sabasius where was represented by horns and his emblem was a serpent. Deouis, The Boy Jupiter,
The Centaur, Orion, Saturn, The Boy Plutus, Iswara, The Winged One, Nimrod, Adoni, Hermes, Prometheus, Poseidon, Butes, Dardanus, Himeros, Imbors, Iasius, Zeus, Iacchus, Hu, Thor, Serapis, Ormuzd, Apollo,
Tammuz, Atus, Hercules, Shiva, Moloch, and. believe it or not, BAAL!" (Burns, "Masonic and Occult Symbols Illustrated", p. 359); "Kiyyun"?: Rhemphan hrem-fan' Remphan (that is, Kijun), an Egyptian idol: - Remphan. H3594 ki^yu^n kee-yoon' From H3559; properly a statue, that is, idol; but used (by euphemism) for some heathen deity (perhaps corresponding to Priapus or Baal-
peor): - Chiun Blue Letter Bible So we can see that Kiyyn also goes back to that same pagan god with many names. It is the name Saturn that we are going to examine in this study. Saturn in Ancient Times: The Greeks called it the god "Helios". The Romans called it "Sol". Long before Greek and Roman times, the Egyptians worshipped the luminary Atum or Ra, just as the Sumerians honored Utu and the Babylonians the god Kam'As't (Shamash). Astronomers and priests celebrated this light of heaven as the "Universal Monarch," the "father" of
civilization and the celestial prototype of kings. More archaic traditions identify the great "sun" gods with the motionless center of heaven, the celestial pole. They speak of a primeval sun ruling before the present sun. The god's station was the summit of the world axis, from which he ultimately fell in a heaven-altering catastrophe (Pole shift or flip?). The Greek account of Kronos, founder of the Golden Age, eventually driven from his seat at the top of the world by his son Zeus. The ancient words we translate as "helios" and "sol" originated as references to the axial figure --of a former, stationary light at the pole.
Early astronomical traditions identify the "primeval sun" as the planet Saturn. In archaic copies of Plato's Timaeus, the word for the planet Saturn is Helios, the "sun" god. Popular Greek traditions identified Saturn as Kronos, alter ego of Helios, and Kronos is said to have ruled "over the pole". Symbols of the luminary show a disc with rays, a disc with spokes, a disc with a central orb or eye, a disc with a crescent upon it. The ancient astronomers described the spokes as those of a cosmic wheel. They were "streams of fire". Saturn's unexpected excess of heat, its radio emissions, its x-rays, its swirling bands of storm-clouds. The ancient astronomers remembered their gods as energetic and active,
wielders of the thunderbolt. They remembered the fates of the gods, recounting how the once palpable ruler of the sky went so untouchably far away. Saturn in Ancient Times... An Akkadian seal in which the Kam'As't/Shamash disc is represented as an "eye-like" object, and a disc as an eight-pointed star or wheel or an eight-petalled flower.
Semitic speaking civilizations referred to the god Saturn as “El”. The supreme deity was represented by a black cube.
Simple Magic (mystic) Cube In mathematics, a magic cube is the 3-dimensional equivalent of a magic square, that is, a number of integers arranged in a n x n x n pattern such that the sum of the numbers on each row, each Before time began, there was the Cube. The cube is perhaps the most important of any of the exoteric symbols, and the breadth and scope of its meaning encompasses far more than any other. It is often the tie that binds all of the symbols together— especially those of the Rainbow Bridge, the artifact (or chest or box), the numbers 27 and 42, and Sirius or Venus. To “solve” the cube is
essentially to unlock the secrets of the universe. The atomic nucleus is contained within the cube, i.e., that it is a representation of space. Danos/Tanos is a Titan (i.e. from Saturn’s moon Titan). The Titans are a race of “Eternals”. The Titans and the Eternals are basically the “gods”— Titan could just as easily mean Tartarus as the moon which now bears the name. The association between the Titan Eternals like Thanos and Lucifer is evident. Kronos (the Greek Lucifer), his son Mentor (the father of Thanos), and Loki (the Norse Lucifer):
The Cosmic Cube. “We’re linked through this Tree of Life [World Tree] that we’re unaware of. It’s real science.
42 is the answer to everything. Zaphod associates the story with Magrathea (M) and an “imagine cube.” Magrathea (an ancient planet in Douglas Adams’ universe where the
critical elements of the story take place) is a combination of ‘Magra’ and ‘Thea’ (Greek for ‘goddess’), the Titan goddess of sight and the mother of Helios (the sun). Hitchhiker’s Guide also represents an “infinite improbability drive” as a red cube, whereas the imagine cube is a blue one. The protagonists need the blue one to learn about Magrathea and they need the red one to get there. These colors are always used together in Freemasonry, as the Craft (AASR) lodges are called the Blue lodges and the Chapter (Royal Arch) lodges are called the Red lodges.
We have visible three faces, and nine external lines, drawn between seven points. The complete cube has three more faces, making six; three more lines, making twelve; and one more point, making eight. As the number 12 includes the sacred numbers, 3, 5, 7, and 3 times 3, or 9, and is produced by adding the sacred number 3 to 9; while its own two figures, 1, 2, the unit or monad, and duad, added together, make the same sacred number 3; it was called the perfect number; and the cube became the symbol of perfection. the Executive, which executes the laws; the Legislative, which makes the laws; the Judiciary, which interprets
the laws, applies and enforces them, between man and man, between the State and the citizens. The three invisible faces, are Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity,—the threefold soul of the State—its vitality, spirit, and intellect. Here we see the numbers 3 and 12 associated with divine or cosmological order. The 3 visible faces correspond to the 3 dimensions and the 9 external lines correspond to the 9 realms of Norse mythology. What this also hints at is that the number associated with the cube is 27 (3x9). What the cube represents in reality is an unfathomably complex arrangement of electrons and subatomic particles in a sort of 3D grid-like pattern. These particles, in
turn, have numeric values based on their electric charges and the relative values of atomic mass and density. For instance, a hydrogen molecule’s atomic number is 1 and a helium molecule’s atomic number is 2, and so on. The basic hydrogen isotope (1 proton, 0 neutrons) bonds with 1 electron, while a helium molecule has 2 electrons in its electron shells. Hydrogen comprises approximately 75% of the visible universe (including stars, in the form of hydrogen plasma) and helium comprises the rest up to about 99%. The more complex arrangements occur in the molecules of the higher, unstable (radioactive) elements and in the organic carbonbased life forms for which the universe was designed—God’s ashlars. If we think of the universe in these terms, as a complex arrangement of electrons and
particles with numeric values which determine how they interact, then it is, by our definition, a constantly refreshing spectral image of happenings based on fluctuations in the arrangement of the number grid— a virtual reality.
The term ‘matrix’ is misleading. Our universe is not a matrix, but rather an active-matrix display. The only reason it exists at all is to give us something to look at so that we can accrue experiences over time—experience being the basis of memory or consciousness. Space does exist but time does not; it only serves the purpose of fostering the creation of memories through our associations of
illusory events.
42 is the number associated with the “magic cube,” a certain type of 3x3x3 (27) matrix where all of the horizontal and vertical corridors and all of the lines passing through the central cube add up to 42. The magic cube is the 3D equivalent of a magic square (a 3x3 matrix), wherein the sum of the numbers of each row, each column, each pillar, or each diagonal is equal to the same number (15, if ordered 1 to 9), just like a Sudoku puzzle. The nature of the cube (or matrix, or grid) is regarded as the all-important question of exoteric symbolism. The answer is encoded in the numbers of the magic square and the magic cube.
This seemingly random, out of place attention is given to a cube while the speaker makes a vague reference to Death at 42 minutes into Final Destination (2000):
Final Destination It just feels like it’s all around us.
The symbol of the Grid in Tron: Legacy (2010) is a hemicube (like Pike’s perfect ashlar) labeled U142:
Tron: Legacy
In Live Free or Die Hard (2007), the total number of the circuits in the main power grid (i.e. display matrix) powering the United States is 27:
Live Free or Die HardLive Free or Die Hard
Photons (light particles) become
kinetic energy (motion, and therefore mass, as all particles are energy quanta vibrating at relatively low frequencies) when they are set upon the potential energy of force fields (gravity wells responsible for the creation of space and distance), thus creating a holographic projection or virtual reality. That this arrangement is systematically ordered throughout the universe and constantly refreshing (faster than we can possibly comprehend), giving us the illusion of continuity and perpetuity, necessarily means that there is an eternal, omniscient intelligence behind it—a central processing unit (CPU) with the ability to think and reason as well as carry out functions. These are traits which we only associate with sentient beings (people), or with theoretical artificial intelligence programs which mimic consciousness. (Technically all
creatures are artificial, so any “artificial” or non-biological entity’s intelligence is no different from regular connotations of intelligence.)
A roller coaster is just elemental physics, a conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy.
-It’s a holographic projection created by photons and force fields.
The nature of the virtual reality as a holographic projection using force fields and an active-matrix display is depicted as a sort of prison where
humans are bred and cultivated for slaughter in The Island (2005): The same metaphors of machines (light projectors) and mirrors (force fields) is used in Surrogates (2009):
S The term ‘surrogate’ denotes a proxy (body) by which a conscious entity (mind) interfaces with the consensus reality (3D) and interacts with other proxies on the server (world). In computer networking, a surrogate or reverse proxy is essentially the same thing as the Codified Likeness Utility (CLU) in Tron (1982) and Tron: Legacy (2010), and it is used to the same effect in Surrogates as well as other popular science fiction films such as
The Matrix and Avatar (2009). In Hinduism, the word avatar denotes a manifestation or incarnation of a deity as an apparition in the virtual reality. This implies descent into the lower realm (3D). It has come to be used to describe the graphical representations of computer users’ alter egos, especially on the Internet, but also in a wide range of role-playing games and video games. While computing has only made digital avatars available for a few decades, the idea of a machine as an avatar has been in constant use since Fritz Lang’s Metropolis (1927), and in some ways since Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, as Frankenstein’s monster represents Prometheus (the King of Light). Several anti-establishment films also employ the cube as a prison motif, with the difference being that it is the
Illuminati who have made it so. The Cube trilogy in particular is a misanthropic if not dystopian look at the artificial reality which they have imposed on the masses by way of the autocratic military regime’s mind control programs. In this mental prison, it is difficult to tell where the line is drawn between what is real and what is imaginary, or what is of an extraterrestrial nature and what is manmade. Cube (1997) and its sequel Cube²: Hypercube (2002) take place in 2 separate secret government facilities which are based on the 3D cube and 4D cube (tesseract) designs, respectively. Each of these mimics the higher dimensional grid patterns, as evidenced by the magic number associations. Each cubical chamber within the larger cube has a door in
the middle of each of its walls for a total of 6 doors. The smaller cubes pass through a series of alternating coordinates so that the people inside never know where they are in relation to the outside. These people are prisoners who wake up with no memory of how they got there and no knowledge of how to evade the booby traps which are designed to systematically kill them.
Paul says that “a little leaven leavens
the whole lump (Galatians 5:9, 1 Corinthians 5:6). Leaven eventually comes to understand the dynamics of the active matrix by observing the numbers on the passageways to the rooms, inferring that these rooms are permutations (matrix coordinates set in a regularly rearranging order) as well as how many rooms there are. The implication is a reference to the “end of the world” astronomical conjunction theme and an explanation of the only possible means of escape: “The room starts off as a bridge, and then it moves its way through the maze, which is where we ran into it. But at some point, it must return to its original position.” The bridge, or exit, is only a bridge “for a short period of time. This thing is like a giant combination lock. When the rooms are
in their starting position, the lock is open. But when they move out of alignment, the lock closes. With a structure this size, it must take days [thousands of years] for the rooms to complete a full cycle [precession].” When Leaven is asked how much time there is left before the bridge opens she hints that to find where they are, they can either count from the beginning or count down to the end, implying that the cube represents a timeline in space. “I don’t know. To find the original coordinates, the numbers are added together. To find the permutations, they’re subtracted from one another. That’s it! The numbers are markers, points on a map, right? How do you map a point that keeps moving? … Permutations— a list of all the coordinates that the room passes through, like a map that
tells you where the room starts, how many times it moves, and where it moves to.” This analogy is extremely relevant to End Times prophecy, as the permutations have been recorded in the heavens, and their explanation in scripture. The destination is thought to be the Galactic Center, or at least the plane. From Earth’s perspective, the Sun at solstice will be aligned to the Dark Rift of the Galactic Center for the first time in nearly 26,000 years in 2012. (Technically, the transit of the Sun across the Galactic Center started in 1980 and will finish in 2016.) Though it will not be a perfect alignment, the idea of our sun being in alignment with the Galactic Center at winter solstice and the rarity of the event make for a very auspicious calendar date, especially considering
all the hype concerning the Mayan calendar. This is why the number 27 is associated with the bridge; our solar system is regarded as passing through 26 permutations (26 millennia) before returning to the “Source.” In Cube, the surrounding cubes are all boobytrapped, so the only way to remain safe is to return to the cube of origin and wait until it passes through its normal cycle, at which point it becomes the “bridge” and Leaven and her group will have 1 minute to escape before the “clean sweep” is initiated. Finding the number (27) is tantamount to “solving the cube,” which means knowing where you are on the timeline, thereby enabling your escape (to another dimension or timeline).
“The numbers tell you all that?” Leaven is asked. “I don’t know,” she replies. “See, I’ve only been looking at one point on the map, which is probably the starting position. All I saw was what the cube looked like before it started to move.” “Okay, so it’s moving. How do we get out?” “27! … I know where the exit is!” Other films also portray the “prison” as a 2D hemicube, 4D tesseract or 3D magic cube with 27 constituent parts. The French science fiction film Dante 01 (2008) uses all three:
As described earlier, a “magic square” is a square grid with integers assigned
to its squares in such a way that the sum of the integers in each row, each column, each pillar, and each diagonal of the corners is equal to the same number, which is called the “magic constant.” There is something significant about 3 (the number of visible faces) and 9 (the number of visible lines) in the 2D representation of a cube. 3 times 9 is 27, the number of smaller cubes in a 3D magic square (a 3x3x3 cube). A magic cube is therefore a 3D magic square. Rubik’s Cube has 26 outer cubes connected by a 27th central cube.
The difference between Rubik’s Cube and a magic cube is that a magic cube is “solved” when the numbers are aligned a certain way, while a Rubik’s Cube assigns color-coded groups to its constituent pieces, which means that all 26 pieces must necessarily be solved at once, rather than just 9 on each side. As shown in the image above, the sum of each horizontal, vertical or diagonal line of 3 integers ranging 1 to 27 in a magic cube is 42 —the number which we have already seen is considered the “answer to everything.” As far as 42 is the number denoting the Galactic Center, 27 is considered to be the central cube of a 3x3x3 magic cube. Alternatively, 14 can be considered the middle cube, as 14 is the number
halfway between 1 and 27. In any case, 42 is the “cube” and 27 is the “bridge.” As the number of the central cube, 27 is also the number (together with 42) for the Galactic Center. In The Matrix Reloaded (2003), there are 27 blocks on the power grid surrounding the Source. In 28 Days Later (2002), a lethal virus has ravaged the planet for 27 days before the protagonist wakes up from a coma, a theme repeated in the sequel 28 Weeks Later (2007). It also just so happens that there are 27 books in the New Testament of the Bible, the last of which is the Revelation/Apocalypse of St. John. These are just a few examples. There is an overabundance of evidence for the significance of 42 and 27 in these films, much of which we have
documented in appendix A. The main thing to understand here is that the cube is a symbolic representation of the universe of 3D, and that “solving” it opens a gateway to another dimension. Clive Barker puts the cube into his films as Lemarchand’s Box— most notably the Lament Configuration which acts as a key to open a door to Hell in Hellraiser (1987) and its many sequels. Also, it is a cube in the shape of the Sri Chakra or Sri Yantra (‘sacred/holy machine’) which transports the time traveling white rabbit to the Magi children in The Last Mimzy (2007). It is described, along with its specific arrangement of geometrical patterns, as an astrological configuration (i.e., an alignment or conjunction).
The Last MimzyThe Last Mimzy This was the last mimzy. The Last MimzyThe Last Mimzy It’s a symbolic representation of the universe. This is actually an astrological configuration. The Omega Code -Life is never what it seems. [Life is like Rubik’s Cube] Monsters vs. AliensMonsters vs. Aliens Don’t think of this as a prison. Think of it as a hotel you never leave because it’s locked from the outside. I, RobotI, Robot
You’re looking at the result of clever programming—an imitation of free will. The Matrix RevolutionsThe Matrix Revolutions That’s it. That’s the secret. You’ve got to use your hands [exist in a tangible world].
The Sri Chakra is sometimes called the Nava Chakra because it has 9 (3x3) levels of interlocking triangles. (Nava means ‘9’ in Sanskrit.) This is yet another indication that the cube of 27 parts is an archetypal image rather than a Masonic invention, as 9 (chakras) times 3 (triangles) equals 27. Solving the cube entails recognizing that this imagery only
makes sense in multiple dimensions, as opposed to the consideration we would otherwise give it from our finite 3D perspective. The difference is between free will by means of consciousness and the illusion of it by means of unconscious freedom of choice, which is neither freedom nor choice at all. It has been designed this way specifically to ensure that God’s will can never be contravened by a creature as flawed and arrogant as mortal Man.
Mindhunters Look. Whoever did this really knows his engineering. ContactContact
An alien intelligence has got to be more advanced, and that means efficiency functioning on multiple levels ContactContact and in multiple dimensions. Contact Yes, of course! Dude, Where’s My Car?
WALL-E (2008) takes the “solving the cube” motif far enough to plainly associate it with illumination or enlightenment. As she digs through
WALL-E’s belongings, EVE demonstrates that she is able to power a light bulb simply by touching it as well as solving the cube with incredible speed and ease.
WALL-EWALL-E WALL-EWALL-E
Both items of illumination are offered to WALL-E, not in the Garden of Eden sense which will bring him to ruin (as that has already happened to Earth in the film), but in the sense that she is going to save the world with her innate goodness and clever intellect
by accomplishing the mission she came to Earth in order to complete.
WALL-EWALL-E
It is important to remember that some of these films (including WALL-E) are intended to teach whoever is capable of being taught, while others, such as the Star Trek series, are intended to deceive and lead us astray. Others, such as Contact (1997), reveal many of the same clues but do not fall into either category. In all cases the language they use is self-evident and we only need to pay attention and decode it to know exactly what is
going on in this part of the universe.
ContactContact Within the layering [dimensions] of the Matrix we have these basic equations. So with this very elementary foundation, they have given us a kind of ContactContact general scientific vocabulary. We now have the symbols for ‘true’ and ‘false.’ ContactContact This was the key that allowed us to decipher their language. Star Trek IX: InsurrectionStar Trek IX:
Insurrection -Why would anyone want to create one [a symbolic reference] of our village [world]? -If you were following children and discovered this ship [bridge] … Star Trek IX: InsurrectionStar Trek IX: Insurrection -I may have been shot to protect the secret of its existence. Why would they duplicate this village except to deceive the Ba’ku [‘people’ in the film, ‘souls of people’ in ancient Egyptian]? Star Trek IX: InsurrectionStar Trek IX: Insurrection -To deceive us? -To move you off this planet. You’d fall asleep [die] in your village,
Star Trek IX: InsurrectionStar Trek IX: Insurrection Star Trek IX: Insurrection and wake up on this flying holodeck [bridge (of a ship)], transported en masse, and in a few days, relocated [reincarnated] on a similar planet without ever realizing it.
In fact what the powers that be want to do is kill us, or at least prevent us from escaping our impending doom which they are actively working to bring about. “Fall asleep” and “die” are used synonymously in scripture. The same imagery is used in Tron (1982), where the “holodeck” is a “game simulation transport” and the destination is the virtual world’s
“central processing unit” (CPU), i.e. Queen’s Chamber or Galactic Center.
TronTron Prepare hangar for game simulation transport. Attention all units: lock onto matrix code. TronTron This solar sail simulation will take us across the game sea, out of this domain, back into the central computer.
This imagery is clearly intentional. The Borg ship in Star Trek: First Contact (1996) is a giant cube which creates a
temporal vortex to trap the pioneers of mankind on Earth just before they are about to achieve interstellar flight capability, so that Earth can be “assimilated.” The green and red colors of the lasers are also in keeping with the imagery we have noted previously.
Star Trek VIII: First ContactStar Trek VIII: First Contact Supergirl What the box wants, the box gets.
In The Golden Compass (2007), the box is a device which the Scholars are using to divide children from their
daemons (souls, or ba’ku):
The Golden Compass
Notice Rubik’s Cube in the background when Flynn is describing the Grid in Tron: Legacy (2010), where a program’s disk is the symbolic reference point of its programming code (i.e., its memory):
Tron: Legacy There were these disk battles fought in spectacular arenas.
God’s disk (represented by the cube or matrix motif) is always considered the ultimate weapon which can turn the tide of the war between good and evil. Morgoth (Lucifer) covets the Secret Fire (the Holy Spirit as the power of creation) in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-earth but is unable to attain it, just as “the light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood/overcome it” (John 1:5). This eternal battle for control of the illumination of God’s knowledge is the central conflict in most films which employ this exoteric symbolism, such as Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) and Dude, Where’s My Car? (2000).
Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen And he wanted to kill you all by turning on that machine [the Sri Chakra—chakra means ‘machine’ or ‘disc’]. The only way to activate it is with a legendary key Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen called the Matrix of Leadership. A great battle took place over possession of the Matrix. Dude, Where’s My Car?Dude, Where’s My Car? It’s all that stands between the
universe and destruction.
The excuse that turning on this machine will bring about the end of the world is exactly what the Illuminati think legitimizes their part in the war against God and the mechanisms of creation. Nowhere is this more evident than in the blatantly Manichaean dialog of Spielberg’s Transformers (2007) and its sequels which pay homage to Optimus Prime (the Primal Man, a.k.a. Adam Kadmon/Lucifer) and ignore his role as the evil harbinger of death in order to establish him as the selfless savior of mankind, thereby establishing that it is, in fact, the Antichrist which is being venerated, and that God is getting the blame for the Fall of Man. Of course, the filmmakers make no mention of the
fact that it is they who are intentionally trying to bring about the end of the world through their malicious actions, or even that it is the Autobots (‘self-functioning robots,’ the Watchers) led by Optimus Prime which have brought their celestial conflict to Earth in the first place. It is acknowledged that it is “our [the Autobots’] mistakes” which are the cause of the crisis, but not that they fully intend to escape the impending doom and that the innocent people of Earth are the scapegoats. The most pertinent dialog begins with the supposition of free will (the lie of the Garden of Eden) to legitimize the notion that the Creator is evil simply for allowing the creation to be restricted by consequence:
TransformersTransformers -Freedom is the right of all sentient beings. You all know there is only one way to end this war. TransformersTransformers We must destroy the Cube. If all else fails, I will unite it with the spark in my chest. TransformersTransformers -That’s suicide. The Cube is raw power. It could destroy you both. TransformersTransformers -A necessary sacrifice to bring peace to this planet. We cannot let the humans pay for our mistakes.
The same analogy is made in The Incredible Hulk (2008). Instead of the neo-Manichaean disinformation we are given in Transformers and other overtly Luciferian films, Hulk provides a far more realistic view of what the powers that be are up to and of what the solution to the crisis they’ve created is. Contrast this with the Manichaean perspective offered in The Matrix (1999):
The Incredible HulkThe Incredible Hulk -They don’t want the antidote! They want to make a weapon … we’ve got to destroy it! The Incredible HulkThe Incredible Hulk
The Incredible Hulk You don’t understand the power of this thing. It’s too dangerous. It can’t be controlled. -This is Promethean fire! The MatrixThe Matrix When the Matrix was first built there was a man born inside. It was he who freed the first of us. The MatrixThe Matrix As long as the Matrix exists the human race will never be free. The MatrixThe Matrix After he [the Primal Man, Prometheus/Lucifer] died the Oracle prophesied his return,
The MatrixThe Matrix The Matrix and that his coming would hail the destruction of the Matrix, end the war, bring freedom to our people. Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen -The AllSpark is destroyed, and without it our race [the Archons of Darkness] will perish. Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen -You have much to learn, my disciple. The Cube was merely a vessel.
Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen Its power, its knowledge, can never be destroyed. It can only transform. Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen -How is that possible? -It has been absorbed by the human child [Christ]. Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen The key to saving our race now lies within his mind. -Well, then, let me strip the very flesh from his body!
Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen -And you will, my apprentice, in time. For millennia I have dreamed of my return Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen to that wretched planet where I too was once betrayed by the Primes I call my brothers. Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen Only a Prime can defeat me, and now only one remains.
-Optimus … he protects the boy. Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen -Then the boy will lead us to him, and revenge will be ours.
Note that the Luciferians have laid claim to Christ. It is their contention that the Antichrist (called the Luminous Jesus in Manichaean literature, i.e. Mithras) leads the way to Lucifer and therefore “freedom,” while the Christ (the Suffering Jesus) leads the way to Yahweh and therefore “enslavement” and death. This is a total inversion of the natural depiction conveyed by the Christians’ scriptures, where it is the “Suffering
Jesus” who is the son of God and the savior of the human race. In order to establish their Luminous Jesus over the Suffering Jesus (i.e., the astral projection of Horus/Mithras over the natural person of Yahshuah/Mikhael), they have to lay claim to the identity of the historical person of Christ. It is not enough to simply grab him either; they have to actually destroy his identity altogether in order to rid us of the memory of him. This subversion was formalized during the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, and, as the Jewish Toldoth Yeshu explains, the name of Yeshu itself (origin of the name Jesus) is an acronym for “May his name be erased.” The way this is supposed to be accomplished is by deceiving Christ himself and enlisting him into the service of the “King of Light”
through a sort of false initiation ritual. According to the Luciferians who obviously have no idea what they’re talking about (despite their knowledge of numbers and metaphors), the cube isn’t solved by gnostic revelation, but by service to Lucifer, as a reward for this service:
Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen I know that you need me because I know about the Matrix. Transformers: Revenge of the
FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen We have been watching you a long, long time … a leader worthy of our secret: Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen the Matrix of Leadership is not found; it is earned. Transformers: Revenge of the FallenTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen Return now to Optimus. Merge the Matrix with his spark. It is, and always has been, your destiny.
The irony here is that the world is made by light. Therefore, the King of Light and the Creator are one in the same, and Lucifer, as his antithesis, must be, according to their logic, the King of Darkness they so despise. Either way, it doesn’t make any sense to suppose that the Creator doesn’t have the secret of his own creation but that Lucifer does, or that Christ, a representative of the Creator, must rely on Lucifer for his understanding. In fact, Lucifer is always depicted as wanting to kill Christ and steal his power, as demonstrated by Magneto’s instructions to the Juggernaut [J: Jews] in X-Men: The Last Stand (2006):
X-Men: The Last Stand
Go inside and get the boy, and kill him.
What this represents is not so much Lucifer’s struggle against Christ as an agent of God, but of his vain attempts to steal God’s power. The Luminous Jesus of the Manichaean literature is an emanation of the Aeon Sophia (‘Wisdom’) who is, in turn, the feminine aspect and an emanation of the King of Light. Sophia is considered unstable and rebellious, and is even blamed for the creation of the material world (considered an act of evil) and of the Demiurge (Yaldabaoth, the Creator). Any time a powerful woman is presented as needing to be restrained for the good of mankind it is in reference to the Gnostic assertion
that Christ needed to be sent into the world in order to bring Sophia back under God’s control.
X-Men: The Last StandX-Men: The Last Stand -She has to be controlled. -Controlled? -You have no idea. You have no idea of what she is capable.
This is the essence of the “order out of chaos” mentality of Lucifer and the Illuminati, as the very name of the Demiurge in the Gnostic texts (Yaldabaoth) means ‘Son of Chaos.’ In literal terms the descent of Sophia represents the human faculties
associated with the right hemisphere of the brain being trapped in a rigorously logical and circumstantial understanding of reality which may be associated with an overly dominant left hemisphere. Christ, as the Logos (logic), representing the wisdom of the left, is commissioned to subdue the naiveté of the right by the light of his teachings. As the Illuminati have claimed the spiritual and intellectual enlightenment of Christ exclusively, they believe it is their divine mission to thwart every right-brained mystic, represented in film as a young female oracle (as Sophia is equated with the Holy Spirit and mysticism is associated with the right hemisphere of the brain and the feminine aspect of being).
Heroes Season 3, Episode 15Heroes Season 3, Episode 15 -I have an ability. Does that mean that I have to be controlled? … So that’s it. I just dance away to college, pretend everything is all hunky-dory? Heroes Season 3, Episode 15Heroes Season 3, Episode 15 -Something like that, yeah. -So I get a pass, and everyone I know just disappears?
Following the Manichaean reasoning, the subjection of the Garden of Eden is the soul’s descent into materiality which we normally find represented by the cube. It is accomplished by the seduction of Eve whose trapped light
particles will never be free if she is left to suffer under the authority of Yahweh. As this is a distinctly Manichaean perspective, the symbol of the apple (usually a bitten apple) takes on the meaning of Satanic liberation, a sort of technology which mitigates the restrictions imposed on us by the Creator. This is especially true wherever the apple is used in place of the cube in conjunction with a rainbow or the number 666.
In The Matrix Revolutions (2003), Seraph, Morpheus and Trinity walk
right past a woman in white (a maiden) holding an apple on their way to meet the Merovingian. The implication is that they have ventured to the underworld partly to retrieve the goddess Iðunn who holds the apples which give the gods their immortality. In the Norse version of this story Iðunn has been abducted by Loki. In the Greek version Hades has abducted Persephone by tricking her into eating pomegranate seeds. (According to Greek mythology, once you eat the food of the underworld you have to stay there.) In the Matrix trilogy the Merovingian’s wife is named Persephone.
The Matrix Revolutions
Dorothy is led off the yellow brick road after the Wicked Witch entices her with some apples in The Wizard of Oz (1939):
The Wizard of Oz Apples!
The outer façade of the underground Apple retail store at 59th St. and 5th Ave. in New York City (the “Big Apple”) is in the shape of a cube, as shown in Meet Dave (2008):
Meet DaveMeet Dave It appears to be some sort of shrine to technology.
Apples are often seen in the background or foreground when a subtle point is being made, such as in Die Hard 2 (1990):
Die Hard 2 This [Hel] must be their base of operations.
Elizabeth Swan takes on the role of
Persephone with the common apple symbol rather than the antiquated pomegranate seeds in Disney’s Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003), owing to the familiar fairy tale of Sleeping Beauty which Disney popularized in 1959:
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black PearlPirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl -One of those next? -It’s poisoned.
In all these films, the apple is offered by Satan or some other evil agent in order to trap the heroine in the
underworld or a state of unconsciousness. Satan himself knows better than to use the technology being offered, as it will necessarily bring about his own ruin, and in fact the character portraying Adam (or Christ) often knows better as well, and has to venture into the underworld to save his beloved. In the Manichaean version of the story, Sophia is actually the bride of Christ and the two are a syzygy. As in the case of Adam and Eve, it is always the woman who is deceived, whereas the man has not fallen into sin.
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black PearlPirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
I would have an equal share in that curse, same as you. Funny old world, isn’t it?
The apple represents a state of "knowing" is evident in the symbolism. It is often used together with 666, the number of the Beast in Revelation, the number being the mark of the Antichrist. The number 666 is associated with the cube in Cube. It is Satan with his poisoned technology, not Yahweh with his creation, who has imprisoned us. This is exactly the opposite position from that of the pro-establishment films which unanimously make Satan the liberator of the Light within us. In Live Free or Die Hard (2007), John McClane has to call Frederick
‘Warlock’ (male witch) Kaludis on the CB radio by tuning in to the frequency 66.6 MHz in order to save his daughter Lucy.... This is your frequency, right? 666. A black cube was tipped at a 45 degree angle, with the entire cube on one point, pointing at a Southwest direction. Sharpen the arrows! Fill the quivers! The LORD has put it into the mind of the kings of the Medes because His plan is aimed at Babylon to destroy her, for it is the LORD’s vengeance, vengeance for His temple. (Jeremiah 51:11) Seek the LORD while He may be found; Call upon Him while He is near. (Isaiah 55:6)
For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor at the time it is trampled. In just a little while her harvest time will come.” (Jeremiah 51:33) In my distress I called to the LORD; I cried to my God for help. From his temple he heard my voice; my cry came before him, into his ears. (Psalm 18:6) When I was in distress, I sought the Lord; at night I stretched out untiring hands, and I would not be comforted. (Psalm 77:2) Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal among you, which comes upon you for your testing, as though
some strange thing were happening to you; but to the degree that you share the sufferings of Christ, keep on rejoicing, so that also at the revelation of His glory you may rejoice with exultation. (1 Peter 4:12-13) *The Black Cube: “the borg”. The Black Cube in Islam: The Kaaba houses what many believe to be the remnants of an astroid. Saturn Worship and the Occult: Info on this website discusses the association between satan and saturn worship. The Kabba stone in Mecca is 666 nautical miles from the temple mount…“Temple at the center of Time”
August 4, which is the 216th day of the year and Obama's birthday. 6x6x6 is 216. The Kaba a representation of a woman/matter. The second part is the veil which surrounds it and is very similar to the tent they make women wear. the first part they kiss and touch. Behind it all is goddess worship. ISIS is the “goddess” of fertility/motherhead. When muslims go on their haaj, they attempt to “kiss the stone” which is housed in a silver “shrine” that is made in the shape of a particular part of a woman’s anatomy. Even the Kaabah, which houses the stone is annually covered by a “burkah” . . . . Every year they change that black cube covering; it’s like a huge Burka. The history of that stone pre-dates mohamad’s development of
the system we now know today as “islam”. DARPA techonology is fallen angel technology (i.e., demonically inspired) . . . . We can literally rebuke those drones. . . rebuke those lazers. . . rebuke those HAARP waves and Project Blue Beam delusions, in the name of Jesus. We will literally see “no weapon formed against us shall prosper”. . . if we exercise the authority we have as sons and daughters from the Kingdom of Heaven, who have ALL of the Heavenly Host to protect us. . . IF we pray in the will of the Heavenly Father. Yes, amazing miracles, signs and wonders are coming, along with great tribulation, trial and testing.
WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE? Archaeologist: Egyptian religion forms the roots of Jewish, Christian, Islamic religious tree August 28, 2011 Acharya S/D.M. Murdock 76 Comments Christ in Egypt: The Horus-Jesus ConnectionAs has been the claim by some for decades and centuries… In the History Channel video below, an Arab-Egyptian archaeologist inside the pyramid of King Teti (c. 2345-2333 BCE), where early inscriptions of the ancient Egyptian sacred writings called the Pyramid Texts can be found, makes the following remarks: “Everybody was believing he will stand in front of [the] gods, and he
swears, ‘I am [an] honest guy. I didn’t do anything bad to my neighbors. I never polluted the River Nile water. I never looked at my neighbor’s wife… At the end they are weighing his heart, and if he’s a good guy, he will go to paradise. If he’s a bad guy, [he’ll] have to get punished.” The host comments, “So the same idea of sin existed here in the Egyptian times as it does later in Christian and all the other – “ The archaeologist responds, “I believe that religion is just one tree, and we have many branches – Islam, Christianity, and Jews – so it is a main tree. Here are the roots.” “King Teti’s body was stolen long ago, but his instructions to heaven remain in perfect condition. These ancient
carvings are the oldest known form of religious writings: the Greek myths, the Bible, the Koran – all began here.”
Much of Judeo/Cgristianity was based on Egyptology. Isis = the Virgin Mary. Horus = Jesus. The Commandments are a precis of the 42 Negative Confessions in the Book of the Dead. All of the so called monotheistic religions came out of ancient kemet. They borrowed heavily from the egyptian mystery system. Islam, christianity and judaism. Also your so called masons, rosicrucians, greek mythology, etc. Yet these religions often times will not give credit, where it is due.
Most of the prophets, apostles and messengers either were sent, or “waxed wise” in ancient kemet or mizraim. So in essence all of your religions came out of north africa when it was populated by nubians, before the romans, hyksos, and greeks. Some of these religions make up tales about slaves building the pyramids, when we still cannot duplicate the feat today. The son/sun walking on water came out of so called egypt. The holy trinity came out of egypt. Circumcision came out of egypt. There is so much diss-information put out by the “discovery channel” the “his-story channel” etc. They show you inside the pyramids how the
pharoahs or nubians looked back then. Then during their “dramatizations” they show some mulattoe type egytian. So in a not so suttle way they have folks beleiving the original egyptians were mulattoe or the hyksos or some european looking egyptian. 305 BC until 30 BC The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt, which lasted from 305 BC until 30 BC, was a Hellenistic Dynasty. Cleopatra was not Egyptian, but Greek. This was after the Greeks invaded Egypt. They present Egypt as though the greeks were always there.
After the invasions of whites (hyksos), thousands of years later, is when the light complexion came. The caucasian
skin or white people who would later invade Egypt in the 16th dynasty were the Hyksos aka Western Asian cananites aka Hebrews. (See Hyksos expulsion). European thievery, deception, and straight out lies have “white-washed truth for centuries and continues to do so today. Michael bradley said it best..the white race are the descendants of the caveman.. Rameses III, unknown male mummmy presumed to be his son and all 13 of the Amarha Mummies have all tested Haplogroup E1B1a… which today comprises the majority of sub-saharan africa with a basal frequency in West Africa… interestingly enough it also comprises 75% of the African Americans, Afro-Brazileans and Afro-
Carribeans Ydna. Although E haplogroup is not a founding lineage” of modern Jews it was present in the formation of the Ancient Hebrew Isrealites. E haplogroups origin is unknown at this moment with east africa or asia as its likely origins…
Actually, no, the Horus-Jesus parallels have [i]not [/i]been debunked by [i]anyone [/i]at [i]any [/i]level. There have been many efforts to do so, but they have failed, because the debunkers were either ignorant of the subject matter or extremely biased in favor of Christianity. Please see, for example, my Rebuttal
to Dr. Chris Forbes ([url]http://www.truthbeknown.com/ch risforbeszeitgeist.html[/url]). The entire nearly 600 page book Christ in Egypt.
BEHIND THE MYSTERY OF THE CHRIST CHILD THAT IS CALLED BY MODERN MAN BY THE GRECO-ROMAN NAME JESUS WILL REVEAL THE TIMELESS TRUTH ABOUT YUSIR(OSIRIS -HORUS OR HERU).... Or are we to take the word of preachers and theologians whom rely on an interpretation that suits them.
Here is the Table of Contents for [i]Christ in Egypt[/i], revealing the major parallels between the Egyptian religion and Christianity, for example: Horus, Sun of God ([url]http://freethoughtnation.com/con tributing-writers/63-acharya-s/378horus-is-the-sun-god[/url]) Horus versus Set ([url]http://www.booktalk.org/christ-inegypt-horus-v-set-t11082.html[/url]) Born on December 25th ([url]http://www.booktalk.org/christ-inegypt-born-on-december-25tht11049.html[/url]) The Virgin Isis-Mery ([url]http://freethoughtnation.com/con tributing-writers/63-acharya-s/382isis-is-a-virgin-mother.html[/url]) The Star in the East and Three Kings ([url]http://stellarhousepublishing.com
/star-east-three-kings.html[/url]) Horus at the Ages of 12 and 30 ([url]http://www.booktalk.org/christ-inegypt-horus-at-the-age-of-12-and-30t11181.html[/url]) “Anup the Baptizer” ([url]http://www.booktalk.org/christ-inegypt-anup-the-baptizert11234.html[/url]) The Twelve Followers ([url]http://freethoughtnation.com/foru ms/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=2639[/url]) Performing Miracles, Walking on Water, Healing the Sick and Raising the Dead ([url]http://books.google.com/books? id=Iaqe9CG_s6cC&printsec=frontcove r&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 #v=onepage&q=%22Healing%20the %20Sick%22&f=false[/url]) “The Truth, the Light and the Good Shepherd” Was Horus “Crucified?”
([url]http://stellarhousepublishing.com /washoruscrucified.html[/url]) Burial for Three Days, Resurrection and Ascension ([url]http://books.google.com/books? id=Iaqe9CG_s6cC&printsec=frontcove r&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 #v=snippet&q=%22Burial%20for %20Three%20Days%2C %20Resurrection%22&f=false[/url]) The Alexandrian Roots of Christianity ([url]http://www.booktalk.org/christ-inegypt-the-alexandrian-roots-ofchristianity-t11106.html[/url]) As we can see, there is very little original to Christianity.
More on the subject can be read at the Booktalk.org discussion of Christ in Egypt
([url]http://www.booktalk.org/christ-inegypt-the-horus-jesus-connection-byd-m-murdock-f180.html[/url]), some of which is linked above. As concerns the apparent polytheism of the Egyptians, the Egyptian religion in reality was a typical sort of “polytheistic monotheism” or “monotheistic polytheism,” as we find within the Indian religion, among others. Within these systems, there is one overarching form of deity with multiple forms, which is little different also from Christianity, with its overarching God, Holy Ghost, Son of God, angels, saints, etc. Judaism, Christianity & Islam are little more than alternate expressions of the Egyptian religion. They all adhere to the Egyptian doctrine of a physical raising of a dead body from the grave;
that is, the Egyptian doctrine of “resurrection”. Isaiah, Daniel, Jesus & Mohammed, on the other hand, did [b]not [/b]teach the Egyptian doctrine of “resurrection”. They taught that the Doctrine of “resurrection” is a Doctrine of ‘Rebirth’. Jesus had to be eliminated; and why tens of thousands of Albigensians were exterminated almost 1200 years later by the Roman church.
And the Ancient Egyptians did NOT have our version of “sins”- but Ma’at – Balance, i.e. Balancing the Scales of Justice, i.e. they believed in: – Re-Incarnation
and that – Everything was God, animals, Human Beings, plants, earth, air, stones, etc. Also, that there wre Neteru, Beings of a Higher Level. So, the Ancient Egyptians were Polytheists, and respected all Creation, therefore, Akhenaton and his monotheism, was foreign to them, and anathema. So, in their knowledge that EVERYTHING was Energy and that there was a Great Mind aka THe Great Architect, the Ancient Knowledge of Egypt has come back in: Quantum Physics The ancient Egyptians worshipped one God, and not many gods. They
respected The Creator’s work and they did not worship it. The first trinity in stone in Kemit the first documented Immaculate conception in stone predates all man made religion. Ptolemy in early 330 BCE invades and steals religious concepts from Coptic .what i look at is what they cane in with and what they left with.You people were worshiping Serapes at that time .Ps you people invented Zoroastrianism ,Mythraism
Tthe Egyptian doctrine of “resurrection” involved the reconstitution and re-animation of a dead physical body; hence, one of the reasons for the practice of
mummification. The Jews (Pharisees) and, then, the Christians and Muslims directly expropriated this doctrine from the Egyptian religion’s “god of the dead”, simply eliminating the practice of mummification… Then claiming that this is what Isaiah (26:19) and Jesus (Luke 20:34-36) meant by their cryptic, metaphorical descriptions of the revelation of the memories of previous lives.
The holy cross is a symbol on Egyptian temples that predate the Christian European birth by over 2000 years. It means peace. Holy Bible…Helios biblios = Sun Book. Testimant comes from testicle because the Egyptians cut off the penis of liars.
Even the Pope sits in a canopy with a tall hat holding the hecca. So as the kings of Egypt sat in their canopy with a hecca. Look for yourself.
Yashua\Jesus was born in a cave in Ethiopia until Constantine changed it to a manger in Bethlehem. Look up the council of Nicene council of Trent. See what they accomplished. Its not hidden or a secret.
According to the Rosicrucians the Great White Brotherhood was an organization started by Ahkenaton’s Grand Father dedicated to the preservation of science and it’s
relationship to certain metaphysical principals that mankind was not yet evolved enough to handle.
Those who stocked the Library of Alexandria with the Great Writings have also created one or more storages with copies of the Great Writings which they secretly concealed in obscured caches yet to be discovered — not unlike the situations with the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Nag Hammadi Texts. Jesus was born in Sept, Luke goes into detail about it, and you can follow the birth of John the Baptist born to Elizabeth Mary Cousin. Jesus WAS NOT BORN IN DEC.
Those who tied Jesus to the common, pre-Christian winter-solstice celebration were CHRISTIANS themselves, in the second to fourth centuries. In the meantime, the point is that where one motif has been “borrowed” from pre-Christian religion/mythology, we can be fairly certain that others have been as well. Indeed, the vast amount of data I’ve brought together in my books reveals that much of Christianity is in fact a rehash of earlier pre-Christian, Pagan motifs such as the winter-solstice celebration. As concerns Christ’s purported birth date, according to the New Testament John the Baptist is born six months earlier, and St. John’s day has been
celebrated on the summer solstice also from the earliest centuries; therefore, once again we have a logical placement of the godman’s birth at the winter solstice. Indeed, the enigmatic phrase at John 3:30 where the Baptist is made to say, “He must increase, and I must decrease,” perfectly explains this phenomenon of the summer and winter suns. In consideration of these facts, it would not be unreasonable to suggest that the creators of the Christ myth had in mind the winter solstice birth all along. Reply Clyde W. Burnham, Ph.D. September 2, 2011 at 4:56 am Egyptian Religion Forms the Root of . . . . With regard to religion, it was
sometime during my teens that the idea of the “Son” and the “sun” being one and the same had ocurred to me. The idea had not been the result of any reading or research, as I was not interested therein at that part of my life. It was a concept that seemingly ocurred out of the “blue.” Or did it? The Greeks said that we learn nothing but remember things of old. At the age of 12, Egypt had become an intensely meaningful symbol for me. Symbolic of what and why, I was unaware. The Sphinx as work of art was always highly appealing to me. As symbol, I since came to realize its inner esoteric intent. The lion’s body, an animal body, is of no difference from that of a human body, for it is the mind and soul which distinguish man from animal. All flesh is flesh. The human head of the Sphinx symbolizes
human-ess. Human-ess is rendered forth by mind and soul given power over animal flesh. The head is adorned with the pharonic nemes worn by pharaohs in religious ceremonies. Attached to the front of the nemes are located the serpent (cobra) and the hawk. The cobra represents the spiritual force in its phase as matter (flesh) and primary animating energy thereof. The hawk, symbolic of Horus son of Isis and Osiris, signifies what we of today call “the higher self” — in essence, the Christ self. Christ/Horus, concerning the Sphinx, esoterically indicates a combination of the two lands — upper Egypt and lower Egypt which was esoterica for the combined higher self and the lower mortal being. This is why I’ve always experienced a feeling of the numinous when viewing the symbol of the Sphinx. After millennia,
it still communicates its ancient message that of eternity. Reply Bird August 29, 2011 at 6:37 pm To “Lynn” from above, I love it when people try to claim Jesus wasn’t born on December 25th and claim another date instead based on no credible evidence whatsoever. Euphoria does not suffice as valid evidence for anything. What’s really funny is that Jewish scholars from around Jerusalem even contend that sheep do forage even in December. It’s fun to watch Christians run away from the Dec 25th date too. LOL, they’re really confused now but, wait until they realize he never existed!!! The climate of Palestine is quite mild and in fact sheep are allowed to forage even in December. A passage
in the Jewish Mishnah states that some sheep pastured near Bethlehem were destined for sacrifice at the Temple in Jerusalem, and suggests that these flocks lay out in the fields all year around. A rabbinic rule provides that any animal found between Jerusalem and a spot near Bethlehem much be presumed to be a sacrificial victim (Baba Kamma 7:7, Talmud, Baba Kamma 79b-80a). Early Jewish sources suggest that the sheep around Bethlehem were outside yearround. So, the argument that Jesus couldn’t have been born in December simply because the sheep were outside is extremely weak as many Jewish historians from Jerusalem themselves argue against. John the Baptist and Jesus’ Birthdays
([url]http://www.freethoughtnation.co m/forums/viewtopic.php? f=18&t=2327[/url]) Reply M August 30, 2011 at 1:43 am If it were true Just think about this for a moment. If Christianity or Islam or any other religion for instance were based on real events do you really think that after all this time a person like Jesus or Muhammad would have flown down in some way and either corrected this mass confusion or helped their advocates in some way to really clear things up? This says it all. An omnipotent being really doesnt need this theater and drama of the absurd to carry out their directives or mission.. It is all make believe . Their is an intelligent force in the universe I can not say I know what it is
but by being really honest with myself it may slowly become known instead of making these bogus things up. Bye Reply Robert Gamboe August 30, 2011 at 3:04 pm Egyptian Roots? If Judaism was invented in the sixth century B.C. (as some claim), why did the Jews borrow religious ideas from the Egyptians? Why not borrow from neighboring Semitic people, such as the Philistines, Moabites, Edomites, etc.? Or did they? Were the Egyptians Semites as well, or some other race? And why would the Jews use the Egyptian religion as a template, then write a fictitious story about God delivering them from Egyptian slavery? That seems really peculiar.
Also, Bird said that the climate of Palestine is quite mild. I found some information about Israel at the “Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs” website: http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Facts+Abou t+Israel/Land/THE+LAND+Geography+and+Climate.htm It says that “Regional conditions vary considerably, with humid summers and mild winters on the coast; dry summers and moderately cold winters in the hill regions (including Jerusalem), hot dry summers and pleasant winters in the Jordan Valley; and year-round semi-desert conditions in the Negev. Weather extremes range from occasional winter snowfall at higher elevations to periodic oppressively hot dry winds, which send temperatures soaring,
particularly in spring and autumn.” A chart is included which shows that the temperature in Jerusalem (which is about five miles from Bethlehem) for January varies from a low of 43F/6C degrees to a high of 55F/12C degrees. Cold, but not freezing. As to whether or not shepherds kept their flocks out in such weather, I couldn’t say. Reply Acharya S August 30, 2011 at 9:43 pm Jews [i]did [/i]borrow myths from neighboring Semitic tribes as well, including the Canaanites and Babylonians. However, the Egyptians were also [i]very [/i]close neighbors to the Jews, and their culture was just a tad difficult to ignore – indeed, there is an ancient and well-trodden “Horus Road” from Egypt to Judea. Moreover, the area in which the Jews eventually
arose was occupied for centuries as an Egyptian outpost, along with temples to Egyptian gods. It seems impossible for the Hebrews/Israelites/Jews NOT to have been influenced by the Egyptians. (The early Hebrews, it should be noted, also appear to have been influenced by Indian mythology as well.) The story of the Exodus is also based in Egyptian religion, serving as a template for the Jewish tale. It is not a historical depiction. Also, it would certainly benefit the Israelites to push such a tale, pretending that they had nothing to do with the culture whose myths so patently influenced them. Furthermore, it is Christianity in particular that was most influenced by Egyptian myths, as I demonstrate in
my book [i]Christ in Egypt[/i], more so than Judaism and Islam. Reply John S. August 30, 2014 at 2:21 am Judaism borrowed from the Sumerians in their Genesis story up to Abraham. After that they used historic events yet these events were embellished as most events when written by a host nation raising that nation to a great status. I am sure many of their prophets existed at least in the oral tradition yet we know how oral traditions go. What the Jews have going for them is the fact that they did not always show themselves after Genesis in a good light by all the stories of God enacted His wrath on them. Reply Greg Endries August 31, 2011 at 1:28
am Other Scholars I’ve often wondered if you are familiar with Mike Magee’s AskWhy! site. He has suggested that the, “. . . Persians Created the Jews . . .”, and I find his writing, like yours, very interesting and convincing. Also, I’ve hoped (vainly I’m sure!) that the two of you would collaborate on some pertinent and mutually interesting subject. Thank you for your intelligence, diligence and spirit. Reply John S. August 30, 2014 at 2:37 am The Persians in particular Zoroaster created the Devil. The Jews had the Satan which was a helper-worker angel doing Gods bidding. Reply
Guest August 31, 2011 at 1:52 am The Egyptian stuff is not the oldest. Ever heard of the Akkadians and Sumerians? “Genesis” in the OT is based on the “Enuma Elish” from Sumer. Reply Acharya S August 31, 2011 at 4:34 am Actually, there remains a debate as to whether or not the Nile Valley was the site of much culture long prior to the rise of the Sumerian civilization. For example, not only are there very ancient ruins in Egypt such as at Nabta Playa ([url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabta _Playa[/url]) that predate Sumerian culture, but it has also been contended in the past few years that Egypt is the site of the oldest form of writing yet discovered ([url]http://www.omniglot.com/writing/
egyptian.htm[/url]). Moreover, many of the Egyptian myths are evidently derived from the older source of the Pygmies of the Ituri Forest in the Congo, a subject I have covered elsewhere ([url]http://freethoughtnation.com/con tributing-writers/63-acharya-s/562garden-of-eden-originally-a-pygmymyth.html[/url]). In addition, it is also surmised that one of the oldest forms of organized religion was developed in Southern India ([url]http://freethoughtnation.com/con tributing-writers/63-acharya-s/544worlds-oldest-religion-honors-mothergoddess.html[/url]), millennia before Sumerian culture. While some parts of Judaism, et al.,
were evidently derived from the Enuma Elish and Babylonian culture, not all of them are, obviously. In the history of comparative religion and mythology, we are not dealing with an “either or” proposition, as there are many influences dating back thousands of years. Reply John S. August 30, 2014 at 2:47 am What I understand is that the Sumerians parallel the Egyptians but are predated by earlier civilizations see here: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/? period=02®ion=wam Reply red September 1, 2011 at 8:32 am Curious as to where the Bibles end times prophecies fit into all this. Did
the Egyptians also predict a great falling away from their religion and the rise of an anti-Horus? Or did the Bible steal that from someone else? Reply Penny September 1, 2011 at 3:32 pm Yes red, the Egyptians had their own end times prophecies and thousand year reign too. In fact, Revelation borrowed much from it. Book of Revelation is Egyptian and Zoroastrian ([url]http://www.freethoughtnation.co m/forums/viewtopic.php? f=20&t=1354[/url]) A Brief History of the Apocalypse ([url]http://www.abhota.info/end1.htm[ /url]) Reply
John S. August 30, 2014 at 2:47 am What I understand is that the Sumerians parallel the Egyptians but are predated by earlier civilizations see here: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/? period=02®ion=wam Reply Hypathia September 3, 2011 at 4:53 pm To Clyde Ph.d above Clyde Ph.D above! I so love your post! I’ll add, Upper and Lower Egypt is symbolically the Human Body. Above and Below the symbolic belt. Earth, Water, Air, Fire — I wonder what symbol was affixed to the nose of the sphinx? It may have been as sensual looking as the giants (alias Gods, that
once roamed the earth) on Easter Island! Actually, I enjoy all the posts above. Various opinions, with no screaming. We all learn from each other…. Reply mark September 9, 2011 at 4:40 pm Hilarious This whole debate reminds me when I was 16 and my friend was on LSD. There was nothing I could say or do to get him back down to reality. � In light of all this irrefutable evidence that we came up with some easy answers to complex questions about the universe thousands of years ago, I find it mind boggling that many still believe these religion myths!! I think we need to concentrate on why the human animal has such a weakness
for “blind faith” … Reply Jordanpangarakis January 28, 2012 at 11:53 am Blind faith Probably because most of are earliest experiences as children depend on the blind faith that are parents know what there doing and when you see them follow these relations you are compelled to follow suit rather then expose your parents lack of. Personal judgment Reply margaret February 23, 2012 at 11:02 pm who’s who and who’s what the jews came from the tribe that settled in the fertile cresent on the nile that the egyptians had a hard time removing for 500 years until
finally a strong egyptian king who could did. go grab your jr. high kid’s history book. They do not mention the jews but a real historian will tell you that they used the egyptian religion to keep order in their own kingdom. They also figured out how to write a history where they were god’s chosen people for their convience because in their very begining they knew what outcome they wanted. what a tangeled web we weave when we first begin to decieve no matter how good the liar facts are facts there are at least 50 books on this written by eastern scholars, like the
east and if it makes you feel any better they belive the egyptians took their religion from the orientals and from India Reply Chinua Dean June 30, 2014 at 7:03 pm you must be crazy, the Egyptians were way before the Orientals or the Indians. Look it up. Reply john March 10, 2012 at 1:08 pm Does this mean we can live freely & not worry if a god will punnish us Reply Guest April 7, 2012 at 1:24 am loved reading this information. much thanks. I think people in different cultures have needed concrete manifestations and stories; and as we
have evolved, now we need more depth of the true power of connection to the world and each other…..example, for one is Dr. Emoto’s work in Japan of intention, a person’s energy on changing the physical world Reply Guest May 18, 2012 at 6:22 pm Excellent……even inclusive of “kemet” in the case of noahs son ham..really kham or khem…as in kemet/black..as opposed to a ham sandwich Reply Kurt July 9, 2012 at 9:02 pm Missing the point The logical fallacy commited in these types of discussions is that similiarity indicates origin. Yes, many of the ancient religions have a kernel of truth, albeit in a distorted wrapper.
Also, I find a very two dimensional view of the Bible. The Bible is a progresisve revelation over 1,500 years (give or take) all pointing to the person of Jesus Christ. It is not a “myth” carved into a stone intended to justify the earthly reign of a certain king. It is the most profound book ever writtend but I can’t convince you, only the Holy Spirit can do that. I know its real and true in my life. You can go through these comparitive religion exercises but dwell on these undisputed facts (by most scholars, even liberal) Jesus existed, fulfilling numerous prophecies and confirming the validity of the Hebrew scriptures Was crucified under Pontius Pilate His tomb was found empty His followers believed they saw him
alive afterwards The resulting spread of Christianity was rapid despite persecution It changes peoples lives today I dare say, no cheap copy of long defunct Egyptian metaphysics would accomplish this. Reply Karl July 10, 2012 at 12:15 am Kurt: “The logical fallacy commited in these types of discussions is that similiarity indicates origin.” Your comment is a strawman fallacy as nobody claimed “origin,” and they’ve essentially already proven similarity with credible evidence that actually exists. The origin could go back much further. Kurt: “It is not a “myth” carved into a
stone intended to justify the earthly reign of a certain king.” No, it’s just a myth written in book form. Thankfully ancient writings and hieroglyphs etc. still exist and demonstrate where almost all of the ideas in the bible came from. Jesus, at his supposed crucifixion had a sign that read “King of the Jews,” REMEMBER. Kurt: “It is the most profound book ever writtend…” Really? Even when much of it was “borrowed” from much older Pagan sources. Shouldn’t they get that credit? Oh right, couldn’t give credit where credit is due ’cause that would be blasphemous. Kurt: “I can’t convince you, only the
Holy Spirit can do that. I know its real and true in my life.” No, my spidey sense tell me that that is your euphoria talking. It FEELS good therefore, it MUST be true – even though there’s not a shred of valid evidence to support it. Here’s a thread for you & your liberal scholars: Religion and the Ph.D.: A Brief History ([url]http://freethoughtnation.com/foru ms/viewtopic.php?p=18805[/url]) [quote]”…As for this tiresome business about there being “no scholar” or “no serious scholar” who advocates the Christ Myth theory: Isn’t it obvious that scholarly communities are defined by certain axioms in which grad students are trained, and that
they will lose standing in those communities if they depart from those axioms? The existence of an historical Jesus is currently one of those. That should surprise no one, especially with the rightward lurch of the Society for Biblical Literature in recent years. It simply does not matter how many scholars hold a certain opinion…. “ – Dr. Robert Price, Biblical Scholar with two Ph.D’s[/quote] There’s no credible evidence for an NT Jesus let alone his crucified etc. We have no credible records from ANY supposed “followers” or disciples. The writers of the NT simply used the OT as a blueprint. The spread of Christianity probably had more to do with the violent FORCE behind it: Pagan Destruction Chronology ([url]http://freethoughtnation.com/foru
ms/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=2128[/url]) meh, the Egyptians built the pyramids – something Jews, Christians and muslims have never been able to do. Christians were jealous of the Egyptians so, they wrote a book instead, big deal, since they “borrowed” all the Egyptian religious concepts that are in the book.
Reply Guest February 13, 2013 at 6:21 pm reply Ancient Egypt was inhabited by a middle easter/ arabic type of people. Not Nubian.
Reply Anonymous April 20, 2014 at 9:08 pm Really? Why are the human images on the walls in the pyramids and the other structures excavated look otherwise? Have you read your history books well and about the rise of Islam and the invasion of North Africa especially in places that bother on the Red Sea? Do you know there are other ancient structures similar to some of the things you have in Egypt in some African countries which the media don’t talk about. Have you heard about the 1200 year old obelisk that was uprooted from Ethiopia by the Mussolini occupying forces in the 1930s and taken to Italy (just returned a few years ago?. Have you seen the remnants of the castle of a lost civilization in present day Zimbabwe. Why did the nose of the sphynx tampered with by the invading forces.
Reply Guest February 15, 2013 at 5:45 pm Most of the concepts introduced by Moses can be traced to Egyptian roots. Yet this fact has been suppressed. Historical and archaeological fact have proven that Moses borrowed most of his ideas from the Egyptians. Reply Sam April 23, 2013 at 2:28 am yes you are missing the point OK for one, you’re right that its not a myth “to justify the earthly reign of a certain king”, its a myth written to justify the mass worship and so-called heavenly reign of a false one. “Jesus existed, fulfilling numerous prophecies and confirming the validity of the Hebrew scriptures”
to this i say that yes there is evidence that Jesus existed, and most scholars will agree upon the fact that Jesus was in fact a man that lived relatively close to the timeline the bible lays out, but the Jews never accepted Jesus as the messiah. That is the reason that Judaism and Christianity are two separate religions. to this day followers of Judaism believe that the messiah has yet to come. so your claim that Jesus fulfilled Hebrew prophecies is false according to every person who follows that faith. the next problem with this is your assumption that the bible, however true it may be, is more significant than the accomplishments of the Egyptians. Shall i list them? -the Egyptians practically invented
engineering. -They made huge advancements in architecture and mathematics which the Greeks later perfected into the base principles of geometry that we still use today. -they were the first civilization to make any significant structures with stone instead of mud bricks, and were the only civilization to make structures on such a grand scale as the pyramids until centuries later. -They were the first civilization to pursue any kind of military architecture and made the first great forts ever seen. and finally, the first known religious texts in the world are recorded in an Egyptian burial tomb, and the Egyptians were very religious people with their entire culture based mostly off of their religious beliefs. so when
the people who created the Jewish and christian religions were looking for things to take from other cultures the most likely candidate for them to borrow from would be Egypt considering the huge influence Egyptian religion had on their society. This influence is magnified if you do believe that Moses and the Jews really were in Egypt since living in Egypt as slaves would’ve given them direct daily contact with Egyptian religious practices.
Reply Guest May 7, 2013 at 5:39 pm re: re: Archaeologist: Egyptian religion forms the [quote name=”Michael Cecil”][quote name=”Bonnie”] The fact is, that the Ancient Egyptian Religion is NOT the
root of the 3 main religions today. There is NOTHING similar, either. [/quote] A statement like this makes me wonder whether you know anything about the Egyptian doctrine of "resurrection" (or, for that matter, Judaism, Christianity & Islam). It involved the re-constitution and reanimation of a dead physical body; hence, one of the reasons for the practice of mummification. The Jews (Pharisees) and, then, the Christians and Muslims directly expropriated this doctrine from the Egyptian religion’s "god of the dead", simply eliminating the practice of mummification… Then claiming that this is what Isaiah
(26:19) and Jesus (Luke 20:34-36) meant by their cryptic, metaphorical descriptions of the revelation of the memories of previous lives. Hymn to Osiris The Hymn to Osiris in the Egyptian Book of the dead is the most profound and beautiful exaltation of the Supreme King of Kings, Almighty God and Creator who has given all power to his most compassionate, benevolent, loving Son who has conquered death and holds the Key of Eternal Life. The Son sits on the throne of his Father Ra in the same way the Lamb in Revelation 5 stands in the middle of the throne of God Receiving exaltation from beings above our comprehension. The story of Salvation, war in the heavens prior to the creation of earth, the great
controversy between good and evil and the final victory of the Son who vindicates the name of his Father!! It’s all there! The Sphinx and the great pyramid stand, defying time as great tribute to the Lion of the Tribe of Utu/Judah! And as promised one day soon the Don will return through the gateway of Orion.
Reply AS August 27, 2014 at 9:38 pm Thanks. I don’t know exactly why the Egyptians or whoever first developed the twelve months and hours of day and night settled on 12. I’ve probably written about it somewhere, and I have seen some data on that subject, but I can’t recall it at the moment. We
probably have this discussion on my forum somewhere. Those websites are not “neutral” – they are biased and based on no evidence. However, Wikipedia doesn’t necessarily say that there’s a historical Jesus, because there are other articles on that site discussing the Christ myth theory. Wiki is not supposed to endorse biased views either way. When these stories are understood in their proper and original context of nature worship, astral mythology and astrotheology they are less “silly” and, indeed, impart the cleverness of our ancestors. Check this excellent lecture out: Exploring the Roots of Mesopotamian
Civilization: Excavations at Tell Zeidan, Syria: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=QHDPGUuAjIo Exploring the Roots of Mesopotamian Civilization: Excavations at Tell Zeidan, Syria Gil Stein, Oriental Institute Reply Black cube Saturn. in islam we read in quraan – what it means- that Allaah sent messengers to every nations, so if there is any common things it proove that the origion of the religions is a one religion but people started to add ans remove things IN Quraan 28 Fir'aun (Pharaoh) said: "O chiefs! I know not that you have an
ilah (a god) other than me, so kindle for me (a fire), O Haman, to bake (bricks out of) clay, and set up for me a Sarhan (a lofty tower, or palace, etc.) in order that I may look at (or look for) the Ilah (God) of Musa (Moses); and verily, I think that he [Musa (Moses)] is one of the liars.") Kam'an (Haman) is mentioned in the Qur'an as the person who directed construction work under the command of the Pharao, This name was not known until the decoding of Egyptian hieroglyphics in the nineteenth century When the hieroglyphics were decoded, it was understood that Haman was a close helper of the Pharaoh and was "the head of the stone quarries. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Dogon and Zulu Cosmology http://www.thosefoursounds.com/thos e...e%20Dogon.html Dogon and Zulu High Science: Keys to Overstanding History, Mystery, and Prophecy A survey of Dogon and Zulu Cosmology.THE DOGON OF MALI The Dogon dwell in a mountainous terrain near the border of Mali and Upper Volta in West Africa. The Dogon revealed some of their cosmological science through their interaction with two French anthropologists: Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen.
Most of Griaule and Dieterlen's work has been translated into English in the two books, Conversations with Ogotemmeli and The Pale Fox. The Dogon have been the center of anthropological debate, for they have knowledge of the Sirius Star system that Western Scientist was able to confirm only by using high powered telescopes. The debate has centered on the fact that the Dogon know details about the dwarf companion of Sirius A, whom they call Sigi Tolo. The Dogon priests can detail the rapid rotation, 50 year orbital cycle, small size, and immense power of Po Tolo Sirius B - with great accuracy. However, Western science's debate
often focuses on Dogon knowledge of the Sirius system outside of the whole Dogon cosmological scheme of creation. Therefore, the fact is often overlooked that the Dogon have described in great detail and accuracy the structure and nature of our entire galaxy and how we Earthlings fit into it. A breakdown of the key cosmological and astrophysical truths expressed in Dogon High Science is as follows: · Amma is the Dogon name for Amen. Amma is described as the intelligent consciousness behind all of creation and the awareness within all beings. Amma is
'He Who Rests Upon Nothing'. · The Po is the Black Hole that is the core of our galaxy. The Po is 'The Egg of the World', the first principle of the seed. Po means seeds in the Dogon language. The Dogon describe the Po as the smallest thing in the world, alluding to the fact that the matter of a Black Hole is the densest, most compact form of matter in creation. They say that it is 'invisible, at the center'. It spins and scatters all particles of matter in a sonorous and luminous motion, yet remains inaudible and invisible. The Dogon say that Amma placed his word in the Po, thus making it the 'image of the creator' and
'the womb of Amma'. · The Clavicles of Amma refer to the spiral nebula arms that define the shape of the galaxy. The clavicle is the 1st bone to appear in the skeletal system of developing embryos. It grows in a sickle-type arch very similar to the shape of the arms of our spiral galaxy.
Lastly, the sacrificial Nyama set the stage for the day of total purification and renewal for planet Earth. This day is called 'Izubay Minne' - "Earth of the Day of the Fish", which occurs when "the fish is
sacrificed" (the termination of the Piscean Age) and "His blood falls to Earth as cords of rain" (when the celestial waters pour down to initiate the Age of Aquarius). One day during the transition of these ages, Taba Tolo - the reuniting of the two placentas - will occur. Taba Tolo is when the Sun and Sirius come together in a grand conjunction. My guess is that this grand conjunction will probably occur on the first helical rising of Sirius after the equinox sunrise occurs with Aquarius as the celestial backdrop. In other words, Taba Tolo will occur on the first helical rising of Sirius in the Aquarian Age. The Dogon depict Taba Tolo as the
day a strong purifying stream of Nyama will pour down on the Sun and Earth from Sirius. This stream will wash away the corrupt order of Ogo and immortalize the sons and daughters of the Nommo. As stated, Ogo's self-willed actions really threw off the universal balance Amma had intended. Beyond creating the principle and act of theft, when Ogo took his own placenta and recreated his own world, it amounted to an act of incest. Amma felt that Ogo must be stopped from creating more chaos, as well as punished for his misdeeds. Amma ordered one of the other Nommo - Nommo Titeyanye - to
punish Ogo. Nommo Titeyanye smashed Ogo's genitalia, making him infertile. Ogo fled from the heavens down to Earth. Once on Earth, Amma wanted to bind Ogo to this planet so that he could not disrupt the celestial order anymore. He transformed Ogo, who up until this point was in the form of an amphibious Reptilian (the Kemetic Apap), into Yurugu, the Pale Fox. The Pale Fox corresponds to the Kemetic Set-Anup the rebellious Black Jackal. Once on Earth, the Pale Fox Yurugu continued his disruptive and chaotic behaviors. He attempted to create an artificial world outside of the divine order of Amma. That
was what he was doing when the Ark Kora Na landed upon Earth. When it landed, the force of impact almost killed Yurugu, but he survived by fleeing underground. The impact of the landing threw the moon into the sky, which is part KoraNa/Part Earth. Out of the Kora Na emerged the eight ancestors of hue-manity. They came forth with eight grains, including millet, black rice, chickpea, and sorghum. Their mission is to cultivate the land and grow the celestial grains so that everyone could live in abundance. They were also supposed to reproduce and spread throughout the world bringing the spiritual technologies
contained within the Kora-Na with them. The eight ancestors and their offspring were charged with conducting important ceremonies such as the Sigui ceremony. The Sigui is performed every 60 year when the planets Jupiter and Saturn are aligned. The Sigui re-establishes the bond of the Fish-people who sacrificed their divine self to their homeland across the waters - Sirius. The ultimate purpose the Dogon say they have is to maintain this extraterrestrial connection by establishing sacred sites and celestial granaries throughout the world in an effort to prepare Earth for Izubay Minne 'The Day of the Earth of the Fish'. This
is the day that the re-uniting of the Twin-Placentas - Earth & Sirius - will be complete. Dogon Cosmology, Sirius, and Hydrogen Astrophysics There are some profound astrophysical truths contained in this summary of Dogon star science, a few of which have already been alluded to. Some of the most profound is the nature of the Sirius star system and its importance in establishing and maintaining celestial order for our solar system. The Dogon actually say that there are three major stars in the Sirius system: Po Tolo, Sigi Tolo, and Emma Ya Tolo.
Po Tolo (Sirius B) is the oldest of stars, and its name means 'deep beginning'. It is a twin of the Po - the Black hole at the center of the galaxy. The Dogon consider Po Tolo the reservoir and source of all things in this realm, and the germ of creation for our Solar System. They say it is the smallest, yet heaviest of celestial objects, and that it ejects it essence out into creation by its fast spinning. The particles of its essence are 'infinitely small'. Moreover, Griaule says in the Pale Fox: The movement of Po Tolo keeps all other stars in their respective places: in fact, one says that without this movement none of them would "stay in place". Po Tolo
forces them to keep their trajectory...One calls it the "pillar of the stars".... Po Tolo is the axis of the entire world... Modern astrophysics shows that indeed, Sirius B is a very old green dwarf star that has completed the cycle of regular star life. Sirius B ejected its outer atmosphere into space ages ago. Its interior has transformed from gaseous hydrogen plasma to a solid ionized hydrogen crystal. Once about the size of the Sun, it is now condensed to the size of the earth. As a twin of the Po, Po Tolo is a star that has many of the qualities of a Black Hole. Dwarfs are
'Black stars' in that they have low luminosity (they do not shine bright). They do emit considerable UV radiation, however. Their primary energy is not nuclear-thermal, but piezo electric (ionic energy due to gravitational pressure). Dwarfs have electromagnetic fields that are stronger and a billion times larger than regular stars. They rotate incredibly fast, and circulate their particles for several thousand lightyears. Dwarfs are very heavy and their weight bends (warps) time and space considerable. Thus, dwarf stars have great influence on the organization of orbits and cycles of neighboring stars and planetary
systems. Without a doubt, the cycles, orbits, and rotations of our Solar system is defined and governed by Sirius B. Emma Ya Tolo is the female twin of the Po. The Dogon say that she is the 'Mother of Cereal Grains' and the 'Guardian of the Feminine Essence'. She appears to correspond to the Kemetic Goddess Auset. The Dogon say the Emma Ya Tolo is invisible and undetectable. She is the Great Mystery, the sacred seed of the feminine principle of womanhood and motherhood that Amma placed totally out of the reach
of Ogo. To date, modern astronomers have not been able to observe or confirm the presence of Sirius C. To the Dogon, Sigi Tolo is the youngest star to come out of Amma's womb. The Dogon consider it is the celestial testament of the sacrifice of the Nommo Semi. They say the life force of the emasculated Nommo Semi drains through Sigi Tolo. However, the life force of Sigi Tolo impregnated P0 Tolo, giving it the force needed to reorganize heaven and earth. Also, the life force falls on Ogo's placenta (our Sun and Earth), purifying it as well. Modern astrophysics shows that indeed, Sigi Tolo - Sirius A - is a young, type A blue
star. It is 'emasculated' in that it is not burning its own hydrogen. It is 'sacrificing' its hydrogen by feeding it to Sirius B. In a binary star system of a dwarf and regular star, the gravitational pull of the dwarf often siphons off the hydrogen essence of the regular star. The hydrogen is sucked into the dwarf and then ejected out into space by the fast rotation. This is the relationship between Sirius A & B. The hydrogen essence of Sirius A is feeding Sirius B. Po Tolo is taking the hydrogen essence of Sigi Tolo and using the energy to renew the Sirius system and our own planetary system. Sirius and the Celestial Waters · Is ciphoned off from Sirius A by the
gravitational pull of Sirius B; The Dogon also say that the hydrogen essence (Nyama) of Sigi Tolo falls like 'cords of rain' to purify the earth. In other words, the hydrogen essence of Sirius A: · As it falls toward Sirius B, the hydrogen essence of Sirius A is thrown off of Po Tolo because of its incredibly fast rotation. · The hydrogen essence of Sirius A gets hurled into space. It streams into the heavens following the celestial landscape created by the strong gravitational fields of Sirius B.
· The gravitational fields of Sirius B lead a stream of Sigi Tolo's nyama to our planetary system. The Dogon say that this stream of ionized hydrogen from the Sirius system is purifying to the Sun and planet Earth. This force is the 'Reorganizer of the World', that will bring about a New Order in the world established by Amma and not by Ogo. This sacred energy is Eloptic Black Light. It is the 'Electric light' that associates with gravitational fields (it follows Sirius B's gravitational fields to Earth) and resonates in affinity with Hue-man alpha-wave thoughts. Earth is about to encounter this stream,
the question is when. As stated, the Sirius star system and the constellation Aquarius are on the same plane of heaven - about 15 degrees below the celestial equator. As the Earth moves into the Aquarian age, she will also come into alignment with the Sirius star system. When the Earth and Sirius align, the great conjunction Taba Tolo - The Reuniting of the Twin Placentas -is going to occur. The Black Light of the Sirius system will cascade down upon the planet. For the children of the Nommo, it will be like Menat the big-bosomed lioness suckling her young lion-kings and Princesses. For the children of Ogo the Pale Fox, it will be
like Sekmet raining down a fiery judgement to the point that she becomes intoxicated with the blood of countless wicked. She becomes so consumed with the taste of death that she does not stop until all of the rebellious souls are slaughtered. This is Iu-su the Water Born Saviour opening up the Heavens to bring the celestial daughter out of the chaos and drown out the light of the self-willed One. For those Hue-mans who are harmoniously in tune with the heavens and earth, this 'sky juice' of Menat will nourish their mind/body/spirit complex, giving them the strength they need to healthfully transform into citizens of the Aquarian
age. To those who are not in tune with the divine order established by Amma through Po Tolo, this cosmic radiation will be like brimstone and fire falling from the sky, burning up the wicked and unrighteous. There will be no where to run, no where to hide. ************Reaffirmation from the AmaZulu Cosmological sciences from the AmaZulu reaffirm what Dogon and Kemetic cosmology reveal about the Millennium shift. Zulu overstanding of creation is preserved by Mufumuzu Credo Mutwa, a Sangoma (healer/shaman) and (according to him) the last Sunusi (Keeper of the culture) of the Zulu. Credo Mutwa is in
possession of the dagger of Shaka, the breastplate of Dingali, and several other cultural artifacts of the Zulu. As Keeper of the Culture, he preserves the material treasures, as well as the oral traditions of the Zulu. He prepared an audio taped message for Africans-in-America in the early 90's entitled 'Path of the Inyanga'. On the tape, he retells the celestial origins of African people, as well as our mission and purpose on the planet. In it are powerful reaffirmations cosmology already explored. The AmaZulu are found in Southern Africa, specifically in the transvaal region of South Africa and Botswana. They are but one ethnic group within a rather
large language family, the Ndebele. The Ndebele are found through out Zimbabwe and Eastern Azania South Africa. As a language family, it includes the Xhosa, Shona, and Nguni people. The AmaZulu are historically the most well known of the Ndebele because a Zulu King named Ushaga (AKA Shaka) was able to unite most of the Ndebele against the European Boer settlers of South Africa in the 1817. According to the Zulu, humanity is currently in the 6th World. The tradition says that the Lord of the Sky Nkulunkulu, with the help of the Heavenly queen, Nomkubulwana has created, destroyed, and recreated
this the world 5 times. This sixth world is a challenging one, full of ignorance, pain, suffering, hunger, war and strife because the Earth Mother created this world when in a state of deep depression and sorrow. This time of pain and suffering is to last around 2000 years. After this two thousand-year period Nkulunkulu and Nomkubulwana are going to destroy this sixth world and establish the seventh world. The seventh world is going to be a perfect Earth where death, pain, and suffering will be unknown. Humanity will live in a time of bliss and harmony. Because of the imperfections, pain and suffering of the 6th world, the
Great Gods decided to bring to this time and space special humans from the fifth world who were rescued from it just before it was destroyed. These humans from the fifth world were carefully chosen because they were skilled as healers, teachers, and peacemakers. They were brought to the sixth world to comfort and redeem suffering humanity. The special humans were brought here by two amphibious celestial beings named Impangu and Rohwani. These celestial fish-men sacrificed their lives by bringing the 5th World humans to this 6th world. They stole a giant stone egg from a huge, monstrous bird called the Sange
Sange bird. The Sange Sange is a giant bird made of fire, and it only lays one egg every 4 million years. Impangu and Rohwani emptied the stone egg of the Sange Sange embryo, placed the human survivors of the fifth world in the egg, and rolled it across the heavens to this Earth. The Healers disembarked onto the planet and the fish-gods departed back to the heavens. They took the shell of the Sange Sange egg with them. However, since it was only an empty shell, they left it in the sky of the Earth. We call the Sange Sange shell the Moon.
Just when Impangu and Rohwani were leaving, the Sange Sange Bird found them. It immediately attacked and devoured Impangu, savagely dismembering him and scorching him at the same time. Impangu died right on the spot. The Sange Sange Bird then captured Rohwani, and out of anger and revenge tied Rohwani to the Rock of Eternal Torment. Once upon the rock, the Sange Sange cast a spell on Rohwani, so that he could take a bite out of him and his body would quickly regenerate and grow back. To this day, Rohwani is still upon the rock of eternal torment being continuously devoured by the Sange Sange Bird.
However, right when the sixth world is about to end, a great human hero named Leizwi will rescue Rohwani. Leizwi was one of the humans brought by the Fish-Gods to the 6th World, and he had a deep and unending love for Impangu and Rohwani. He slays the Sange Sange Bird and frees Rohwani from the Rock of Eternal Torment. Rohwani is then impelled to be eternally in service to Leizwi. Being one of the wisest souls living in the universe, Rohwani helps Leizwi create a perfect world. This perfect world, the 7th world, is built upon the transformed decay of the destroyed sixth world. A new Heaven on Earth is established, and Leizwi is crowned
Earth's Rightful Ruler. Until the end of this world, the Healers brought by the Fish-Gods are the only comfort for suffering humanity. These men and women are known in the Zulu language as the 'Inyanga', or 'People of the Moon'. As people who come from the Moon, the Inyanga also act like the moon within society. As the Sun shines forth light which the Moon at times reflects on the dark-side of the Earth, so to do the Inyanga at times reflect the light and knowledge of God onto suffering humanity who wallows in ignorance and darkness. To the Zulu, knowledge is a living force. The Zulu say that when you learn
something, your knowledge does not just stay in your mind. It flows like smoke to a place called the Land of the Mysteries. In the land of the Mysteries, there is a huge, gigantic mountain of crystal called 'The Mountain of Light'. Smoky-like knowledge flows into the land of the mysteries, and crystallizes, attaching itself to the Mountain of Light. Thus, new knowledge adds on the shining brilliance of the Crystal Mountain. At the foot of the Mountain of Light is a beautiful lake called the 'Lake of Knowledge'. Light from the Crystal Mountain causes water from the lake to evaporate. The Inyanga reflects the light of the crystal mountain onto humanity, and is
sustained by the dew from the Lake of Knowledge. By drawing from the Lake of Knowledge and reflecting the light of the Crystal Mountain, the Inyanga help, teach, heal, and sustain humanity until the coming of Leizwi and the end of the 6th world. http://www.abibitumikasa.com/forums/ afrikan-spiritual-systems/35505dogon-zulu- cosmology.html
Dogon Restudied: A Field Evaluation of
the Work of Marcel Griaule [and Comments and Replies]Author(s): Walter E. A. van Beek, R. M. A. Bedaux, Suzanne Preston Blier, Jacky Bouju, Peter Ian Crawford, Mary Douglas, Paul Lane, Claude Meillassoux Source: Current Anthropology, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Apr., 1991), pp. 139-167 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of WennerGren Foundation for Anthropological ResearchStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743641 . Accessed: 26/03/2011 04:12 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/p olicies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior
permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublis her?publisherCode=ucpress. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [emailprotected]. http://www.jstor.org The University of Chicago Press and Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Current Anthropology. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY Volume 32, Number 2, April I99I?I991 byWennerGreFnoundationforAnthropologicRales earchA.llrightsreservedOOII3204/9I/3202-0002$3.00 Dogon Restudied thoughsome are demonstrablybetteror worse." In a similarvein,Beidelman(i989:265) concludesin his re- view of Clifford's(I988) The Predicamentof
Culture, "Some accountsare ofless value thanothers,eitherbe- cause thedataareunreliableorthinorbecause theanalA FieldEvaluationoftheWorkof yses are inept." I will argue here that all threekinds Marcel Griaule byWalterE. A. van Beek This restudyofthe Dogon ofMali asks whetherthe textsproduced by Marcel Griaule depict a society that is recognizable to the re- searcherand to the Dogon today and answers the question more orless in thenegative.The pictureofDogon religionpresentedin Dieu d'eau andLerenardpale provedimpossibletoreplicatein thefield,evenastheshadowyremnantof alargelyforgottenpast. The reasons forthis,it is suggested,lie in the particularfieldsitua- tionofGriaule's research,includingfeaturesoftheethnog
rapher's approach,the political setting,the experience and predilectionsof the informants,and the values of Dogon culture. WALTER E. A. VAN BEEK is Associate ProfessorofAnthropology at theUniversityofUtrecht(K.i222, P.O. Box 80.I40, 3508 TC Utrecht,The Netherlands).Bornin I943, he receivedhis Ph.D. fromthat universityin I978. He has conducted research among theDogon ofMali and among the Kapsiki/HigiofnorthernCamer- oon and northeasternNigeria. His publications include The Kap- siki oftheMandara Hills (ProspectHeights: Waveland Press,I987), (with S. Pern and B. Alexander) Masked Dancers of West Africa: The Dogon (New York: TimeLife,i982), (withJ.van Baal) Symbols for Communication: Religion in
Anthropological Theory,2d edi- tion (Assen: van Gorcum, I984), and the edited volume The Quest forPurity:Dynamics ofPuritanSystems(Berlin:Mouton, I988). The present paper was submitted in final form 5 IX 90. of faultcan be identifiedin the classic studies of the Dogon. Itis a restudyoftheDogon ofMali thatI presenthere, settingoffmy data against one particular(and quite wellknown)otherview, that of Marcel Griaule. Given the constructednatureof culture,the fieldcritiqueof thedata has to be performedin termsofrecognizability andproductivityD:o thetextsproducedbyGriaulede- picta societythatis recognizableto theresearchero,ffer productiveinsightsintoDogonthinkingo, rprovideuse-
fulguidanceforthereproductionofDogon culture?Are Griaule's cultural constructsrecognizablein the field, eitherto the anthropologistor to the Dogon? Do the Dogon,whenpresentedwith(elementsof )theGriaule texts,recognizethemas a meaningfulpartoftheir thinkingand way oflife? Myanswerstothesequestionswillbemor eorlessin the negative,dependingon what partof Griaule's work is in question. I will firstpresenta shortsynopsisof Griaule's ethnographyand some of the problemsit poses; then I shall presentsome of my own findings, analysetheirdifferencefsromGriaule's,a ndfinallycon- structa model of how the Griaulean ethnographywas generated. Griaule's Dogon Ethnography Griaulepublishedon theDogon fromtheearlythirties (the Dakar-
Djibouti expedition of I93I-33 [Griaule I9331) until his death in I956, and a major work co- authored by Germaine Dieterlen appeared posthu- mouslyin I965. Forpresentpurposes,his Dogon ethnog- raphymay be divided into three major periods. From I93I till I948 he publisheddescriptiveaccounts ofDogon life,concentratingon materialculture.His these d'etat,Masques dogons(GriauleI938,hereafterMD), is thehighpointofthisperiod,whichClifford (I983:I38) It has become a commonplace that ethnographiesare "doublymediated,"shapedbytheideas andpreconceptionsofbothethnographerandinformant sT.heyare"ataleoftwocultures-the fieldworker'asndtheother's" (vanMaaneni988:I38). Restudiesh,oweverr,epresenat
callsGriaule's"documentaryphase."My critiqueisnot morecomplexcase. They commentexplicitlyupon an directedat his worksofthisperiodorthoseofhis many existingaccountandprobablyenrichthec orpusofdata. collaborators;indeed,theirvisionofDogo n culturecoArestudymaygiveadifferengteneralimp ressionofa incidestoasignificantdegreewithmine.It isthelater culture-opening a new vista,allowingfora pluraland morebalancedinterpretation(".Societie sareso complex thatmorethanonemodelofanalysisisne ededtorevealall these intricacies" [Beidelman I989:2I5].) But a restudymay also show that an earlierstudywas flawed. among anthropologists,and made Griaule
world-faThoughthislatterpossibilityis moreorless ruledoutby the extremesof the postmodernistapproach,I am persuadedthatsome views on a culturecan indeedbemore productive,insightful,or plausible, in short, completenessand sophisticationunparalleledin any "truer,"thanothersR.oth(i989:567) hasarguedfora otherethnographyT.heoldmanOgotem meli,whois distinctionbetweenrhetoricaldevicesan depistemologthepivotofthisbook,initiatedGriauleinto a Dogon icalsignificance":nooneperspectiveispr ivileged,even worlddominatedbyasplendidcreationm yth,showing presentationof Dogon culture with which it is con- cerned.
The second period is dominated by a book that sparkedtremendousinterestin many circles,not only mous.InDieu d'eau: Entretiensavec Ogotemmeli(Gri- aule I948, hereafterDE) Griaule uncovered a Dogon worldview, cosmology,and philosophicalsystemofa '39 I40 CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY Volume 32, Number 2, April I99I the "Nazarene"-as Griaule liked to call himselfas awhiteman-how in Dogon culturethestoryofcreationservedas a blueprintforall facetsof society,fromtheway to cultivatea fieldand build a house to weaving, potterymaking,drumming,andsmithing .Inthiselecoherentsystem,speculativelylinkedth eOgotemmeli
gantlywrittenaccountof32initiatoryses sions,Griaule explanationstothesignsofthezodiac. describedanintricatephilosophicalnetw orklinkingthe outsideworldwithDogon societyand thought. Ashortsummary:InthebeginningAmmat ooka Thoughportrayedatthetimeas theultimateinsight fromtheDogon elders,Ogotemmeli'srevelationswere nottobethefinalwordonDogonthought. Anewand quitedifferenctorpusofmythandcultural explanations was offeredto Griaule and his close collaboratorGer- maine Dieterlenin subsequentyears.The firstmajor indicationswerepublicationson Sirius,symbolism,and lumpofclay,squeezeditinhishand,andfl ungitfromhim. The clay spread out
over the north(the top) and thenthesouth(thebottom)oftheworld.T hisflatearthwas a femalebody,with an ants' nest' as its sexual or-gan,its clitorisa termitehill. Amma triedto have inter- the harp-lute (Griaule and Dieterlen i 9 oa, b; i9 5i) and coursewithherbutwas thwartedbythetermitehill.He excisedit,thuscreatingthefox.2Subsequ entintercourse producedtheoriginalNommo3twinsfro mthefirstwa-ter.They gave theirmother,the earth,fibresforclothing,thuscreatingtheeightfoldspiralsofth esun,a vehi-cle formoisture,wind,and tornadoes.The fox,beingtheonlynontwin,succeededinhaving(incestuous)in ter-coursewiththeearth,resultingin theflowofmenstrual blood.Hewasgiventhepowerofspeecha ndprediction. moons,andplanets,andall
aspectsofDogon culture. Ammathencreatedhumanbeingsfromcl aywiththe Thisaccount,evenmorethanOgotemme li's,conjures helpoftheNommo,male andfemale;theybegatthe upavisionoftheDogonasgreatphilosoph erslivingand firsteightancestorsoftheDogon,whower estillbirelivingtheirowncreation,ateaseinaworl dinwhich sexual. The Nommo proceededto createweaving,cultivatedgrains,and a complicatedstairwayfordescendingto theearth,whichwas representedbythegranary(guyoya)and the basket. The ancestors,trees,wild and domesticanimals,reptilesand rodents,birdsand fishdescended totheearth.Thentheancestralsmith,wit hanvil,belsignificantforthebookfortworeasons:(i)
Thestoryin lows,andhammer,reshapedthegranaryi ntoa spindle whorland stole firefromthe firstNommo. The latter'sretributiona, thunderbolts,etthegranaryslidingdown therainbow.Itscollisionwiththeearthbro ketheancestor'sflexiblelimbsintohumanjoints.A laterinfraction ant and signifie;forexample,Amma,retreatingto his against the orderof the firsteight ancestorsproduced heaven afterhis creativework,retainsthe signs of the thecerealgrains,thechthonicserpent,ag riculturea,nd creation,andaslongashecandestroythe signs,hecan the smithy. Fromthereon, in a convolutedand sometimesinternallycontradictorydiscourseinwhichOg otemmeliandGriaulewereequal partners,thestructuringofthehu-man
body,totemicpriests,the cult of Lebe (the earth), a firstcreation centeringon the acacia tree has been themakingofdrums,weaving,landcultiv ation,clothdestroyedA,mmacreatestheuniversefr omaprimordial ing and finery,the architectureof the house and the egg,inwhichthefirsteightvibrationsorcr eativemovetotemicshrineandthelayoutofthevillage ,thecult mentsoccur.Theresultingspiralmoveme ntintheegg ofthebinu,theintricaciesofsacrifice,circ umcision, willcometorepresentheseven(plusone)f undamental i. In the English translationof DE, key (termitiere)has inevitably become "termitemound." This particularant,however,makes its nest in a hole in the ground,which is crucial
to the sexual meta- phorOgotemmeli uses. Accordingto theDogon, undertheseholes water can always be found. 2. The yuruguis still called "jackal" in DE, to be correctedin RP to "pale fox" (Vulpes pallida).3. In spelling I shall conformto Griaule and Dieterlen's, though a phonologicallymorecorrectspellingis available throughthework of CalameGriaule (I965, I968). seeds of cultivationand, later,the organizationof man andofsociety.Centraltothisaccountis thenotionof involuteddoubleness-each beingtwin,eachpaircounterbalancedby half a placenta. In heaven the first Nommos are created(Nommo is theDogon waterspirit [seebelow])intheformoforwiththedoubl eofa catfish. A single Nommo of the
originalfourpairs revoltsand escapes fromheaven, creatingspace and time (p. I75). His placenta becomes the earth,which is therebyde- filed.This waywardNommo, called Ogo, is punishedby Amma with the loss of speech. He tries to create life excision,and theappearanceofdeath,all arelinkedwith the creationmyth.Griaule,who, judgingfromthe text alone, exertedconsiderableinfluenceon the contentof the talks and on the structuringof the images into a an attemptat synthesis(Griaule and Dieterlen I954). However, it is Le renard pale (Griaule and Dieterlen I965, hereafterRP) thatprovidesthecrucialinforma- tion. Here another,even more elaborate and intricate view of Dogon cultural thought,based on a different creationmyth,is offeredA. cosmological
storyis given inwhichAmma(God)throughaseriesofm inutelyde- scribedacts and movementscreatestheuniverse,stars, the warp of daily life is interwovenwith the woof of mythicalcreationinto a marvelloustapestryof cosmic proportions. The textitselfstartswith an indigenoustheoryof signs (pp. 6i-87) differentiatinvgarious levels of visual representationofmythicalreality.This theoryis highly facthingesuponvisualrepresentationsa, factacknowl- edgedby the authors(p. i io). (2) Their account operates froman extreme"cryptological"view ofthenatureof symbols(SperberI975) claimingtheidentityofsignifidestroy the earth (p. 507).The storyis hard to summarize,forit is highlydetailedandlacksanyongoingstoryline.Th e creationin
thisaccountproceeds,again,instagesan dlevels.After throughintercoursewith his placentaan incestuous Griaule's Ethnographyas a Problem actthatspawnsbushspirits.He ascendstoheavenagain,steals grains(includingthe all-importantpo [Digitaria Griaule's publications,especially DE, by farthe most exilis]),a piece ofthe sun thatAmma createdas a decaptivatingaccount,had an impactfarbeyondtheborfence(formerlyOgo'splacenta),theteet hofhiscatfish dersofanthropologyA.rthistorians(anda rtdealers),ardouble,andapieceoftheplacenta,which becomesthe chitects,philosophers,andhistoriansofr eligionused
moon.Ammaappointstheant,thetermit e,andthespi- theseinsightsin theirwork.The generalpublic,espe- der as guardsforOgo, grindshis placenta, circumcises cially the Frenchintelligentsia,eagerlyavailed itselfof him,andreduceshimtoafox(renardpale) ,henceforththisrichtreasureofprofound AfricanthoughtP.sycholodumbbutwithknowledgeofthefuture. The highlightofthecreationstory,as well as thefocusofDogon ritualaccordingto thisaccount,is thesacrificeand subsequentresurrectionof one particularNommo, meanttobeOgo'stwin,inordertopurifyth eearthand Japanese.Amongotherthingsitstimulat edtourismto redeemthewrongsofOgo.Itisthisheaven lysacrifice
theDogonhabitat,theBandiagaraescarp mentA.ddedto thatcreatesthecentralstarsystemaroun dSirius(Griaule and Dieterlen I95ob) of which p6 tolo, identified as SiriusB, is central.Throughthe streamofblood and the dismembermentof the corpse,this sacrificegener- ates theblacksmith,numerousaltars,a multitudeof stars,divination,the main ritual trees,rain clouds, birds,the griots(bards),the walu (antelope),etc. The totemicshrinestestifytoAmma'sfeatofr eassembling andrevivingtheNommo,asdotheancest ralhouses,the Dogon statues,and indeed most visual representations (againaccordingto Griaule). Finally,an arkcarryingthefirsteightancestors,gen er- ated by the Nommo, descends
fromheaven and colo- nizes the now purifiedearth,bearingthe pure seeds of foodplantsand treesas well as domesticatedanimals. Still,thewrongswroughtbyOgohaveren deredthem mortal,and the complexworkofDogon ritualsand ceremoniesisrequiredbothtocommemorate thecreative and redeemingsacrificeand to prolongtheirshortlife on earth. a visuallycaptivatingcultureand a stunningenviron- ment, this engagingaccount of Dogon philosophyre- sultedin a continuousstreamof"Nazarene" (white)vis- itorsto Sanga. RPalsobecameasourceofinspirationfor manyother disciplinesandprofessionsA. muchlessaccessibletext, it has had a relativelyrestrictedreadership,and there
havebeenfewforeigntranslations.Never theless,this highlyesoterictalehashaditsownattracti onandfasci- nation,and the laterrevelationshave been popularized by otherswho have triedtheirhand at a general"de- scription"ofDogon culturefromGriauleansources(e.g., Saccone I984, Beaudouin I984, PalauMartiI957). Art historianshave drawnon it to interpretDogon material cultureand by theirvoluminouswritingsenhancedthe marketvalueofthealreadymuchcoveted Dogonsculp- tures.The interpretationofDogon architecturespurred byOgotemmeliwasstimulatedanew(N'd iayeI972). There has been a Freudianreinterpretationof Dogon mythology(Michel-JonesI978). Artistsof various persuasionshavesoughtandfoundinspirati
onintheseDo- gon chronicles,amongthemwriters(Schierb eek),sculptors(Moore),architects(vanEyck,Haan), andpainters. Numerous films have been made, among which the manyproductionsofRouchstandout.The weirdestcon- nectionis withtheextraterrestriaalddictsof"cosmonautology,"who have foundespeciallyin the Sirius tales and the account of the ark some of their "definiteproofs"ofalienvisitstothisplanet(Vo nDaniken hasdrawnregularlyuponGuerrier[I9751 orTemple Througha transpositionofthis(muchmorecomplicated) myththe human body itselfbecomes an image notonlyofthecreationbutalsooftheexisti nguniverse,containingall
cultivatedseeds,mirroringin its developmentthedevelopmentoftheNommo.Soc ialorganizationfollowstheoriginal,mythicaldividing linesofthefourelements.The same holds, Griaule and Dieterlen argue,forrelationsbetweenkin,theterrit oriaolrganizationofvillage,ward,andhomestead,etc. AsinDE,these happeningsaresaidtoreverberateineve rynookandcrannyofDogon culture-in architecture,agriculture, [I976]). Tourismreceiveda freshstimulus. themain communalrituals,divination,sacrifice,li n- eage organization,the division of labour among blacksmithsandgriots,etc. Historiansofreligionhave oftendrawntheDogon into their comparativeendeavours (e.g., Pelton
i980). Most of them have taken the texts produced by Griaule at face value, revelingin the intricaciesof mythologyand creation. In their hands, the Dogon A shortoverviewsuch as this can neverdo justice totherichnessand versatilityofthemythcorpus(butsee Palau-MartIi957, LettensI97I, PeltonI980, deHeusch havebeguntoexemplifythequintessenti alWestAfri- I985), butitmustbeevidentthatthetextofRPpre sents canorSudanicreligion,preservedbetter ontheBandia- a whollynew paradigmofDogon thinking.Clearlyengara escarpmentthan anywhereelse-a notion which visagedas thefirstofa longseries(thesecondvolume echoesGriauleandDieterlen. wastodealwiththefirst66daysofhumane xistence
Anthropologisthsavereactedmorecauti ouslytothis onearth),thishasbeentheonlyvolumeto appearthus continuingseriesofGriauleDogonrevelations,though far.Althoughlaterpublicationsdrewupon this corpus (e.g.,DieterlenI95 9, I962, i989), thesecondvolumehas notyetcomeout. manyhave cited the material.A special conferenceon this type of world view resulted in African Worlds (FordeI954), whichcontainsan articlebyGriauleand VAN BEEK Dogon Restudied I I4I gistsbecame interestedin the stirringofDogon souls andundertookthoroughindepthinterviews(e.g.,Parin, Morgenthalera,nd Parin-MattheyI963). The book was translatedinto many languages,includingRussian and I42 1 CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY
Volume 32, Number 2, April I99I Dieterlen (I954), the first attempt at a synopsis of considerableinfluence,the revelationsof Dogon myth the "new Dogon cosmogony"and still one of the most have remainedsui generis.easily accessible. Reviews were cautious (Goody GriauleoftenassertedthatDogon cultureexemplified I967, Jacksoni984), attemptingtomaintainanacaageneral"Sudanic"cultureandpredicted thatvariants demicbalancebetweenacceptanceatfa cevalueandsuspicion.The generalethnographipcroblemposedbyt heDogon publicationswas alreadybecomingclear.As described melitorevealthedeepermeaningsandco rrelationsbeinthetwocentralpublications,DE
andRP,theDogon neaththesurfaceofpublicculture.The sameholdsfor bearverylittleresemblanceeitherto surroundingethnic the work of other Griaule students (e.g., Leiris I948, groupsortoanyothercultureinAfrica.No comparable PaulmeI986, Paquesi964). Norwerethesedeepinsetofmyths,nosuchintricatewebofasso ciationsbesightseverreproducedinanyotherpartof Africa;Afritweenmythandinstitutions,haseverbee nfound.The canethnographyknowsonlyoneOgotem meli,onlyone main body of anthropologicalmonographs,predomiRenardpale. nantlyBritishat thattimeand "Atlantic"in lateryears, Dogon ethnographyis anomalous not onlyin respect
hadrevealedahugenumberoflocalcultur esapparently ofotherculturesbutalsointernallyT.houg heachofthe operatingon quite differenptremises.Sociological,popublicationsdiscussedis reasonablycoherent,thethree litical,andhistoricalfactorswereemphas izedinthese levelsofDogonethnographythepublicationsuptill accounts, ideology and especially mythologybeing I947, Ogotemmeli,and the Renardpale-are quite in- granteda comparativelymodestrole.Severalcom men- consistentwitheachother.PalauMarti(I957) addresses tatorscriticizedtheabsenceofa "materialgrounding" thisproblembutclearlydoesnotsucceedi nreconciling forthe descriptionof Dogon culture,the
lack of socioeconomicdata,andtheabsenceofanylin kbetweenide- ology and social structure(Tait i950). Douglas (I967, i968) analysedthisglaringgap betweenFrench(read: Dogon) and Englishanthropologyin termsofa difference in academic culture.When directconfrontations werearrangedbetweenFrenchand Englishanthropolo- gists, each party showed clear lack of appreciation of the other's position.4The most thoroughcriticism was formulatedby Lettens (I97I), who evaluated Griaule's workunderthetellingtitleMystagogieet mystification. Clifford(i983) has analysed the fieldwork methodologyand theoreticalassumptionsfroma deconstructivistperspective,producinga moresympathetic and
sophisticatedcritique. the threeversions.Dieterlen (i989) uses the initiation paradigmtoexplainthisconflict:thediffer enmtyths representvarious levels of interpretationof and initiationintoDogon "secrets."Still,eventhoughsomethematiccontinuitiesarediscernible,twoqu alitativelydif- ferentsetsofmythsdo operate.5Thus evenifwe restrict ourselvesto Griaule's work,we have not one Dogon ethnographybut three. The SettingoftheRestudy Dogon ethnographyoffersone of the clearestexamples anthropologyhastoofferofaparadigman omaly.Itcon- foundseven the highlyambiguousmodels anthropology has developedforWestAfricansocieties;the difference betweenGriaule'sconstruction(so)fDog
oncultureand the ones made in adjoiningparts of Africaby his colleaguesissimplytoogreat.Arestudyinth efield,then, mayyieldmorethanjustanotherviewby" other scribes". All in all, what has emergedfromthe criticalreading ofcolleaguesisanenigma.TheDogonasd epictedinGriaule's publications are an anomaly in Africanethnographye,venamongtheotherproduct sofFrenchanthropologyG.riaule'smanycollaborators alsoconcen-tratedon religionas a crucialexplanatoryvariable.Apart fromDieterlen,who had a special workingrelationshipwith Griaule and carriedthe torch,Zahan, Ligers,Lebeuf, de Ganay, Rouch, Paulme, Lifchitz,Leiris, andPaques made theircareersin Africanethnographyand linguistics.Most ofthemparticipatedin
theearlierexpeditions,beforeWorldWarII. Theirethnographicwork oftenagreedwiththatofGriaulein grantingsymbolismand ideologya dominantplace in culturalexplanation, cultures will be recognizable to a limited extent butmostofthemmovedinquitedifferendt irections later. The main point here is that Griaule's initiatory trajectorya,sCliffordcallsit,hasneverbe enparalleled orevenapproximatedbyanyofhisstuden ts-noteven, as we shall see, byDieterlen.NotwithstandingGriaule's only-the stanceofpostmodernismbutstillrecogniz- able. This is most apparentwhen institutionalaccounts ratherthangeneralinterpretationsh,erm eneutics,or feelingsareatissue(cf.GartrellI979),
andGriauledoes writeabout institutions. 4. The proceedingsofthe conferenceon Voltaic cultures(Dieterlenthe French. myths fromany region. 5. Only on a verygeneral level can the two accounts be considered I967) offerasplendidexampleofthisparadigm atictowerofBabel, transformationsofoneanother,asdeHeu sch(I985)hasshown.A the English delegates speaking about totally differentissues from structuralanalysis such as his can, however, link any number of ofDogon beliefswould be foundamongothergroups. However, the Bambara (e.g., as described by Zahan [I9741andDieterlen[I9571)neverprodu cedanOgotemA few caveats and considerationsare in order:Any
comparisonovertimewithinone culturestartsfromthe assumptionsofrecognizabilityand continuity;cultures are assumed to be recognizableby differenrtesearchers and participantsas intersubjectivelyvalid constructs. Producedin the triangularinteractionamong participantsand betweenthemand theinterpretinrgesearcher, Culturalconstructswillchangeovertime butwillre- tain certainfeatureseitheras such or in the shapingof the transformationprocess. If the flow of time has changedsociety,some aspects will have changedmore than others,while in various ways the "same culture" mayberediscoveredinnewsettingsandf orms.Ade- scriptionofDogon culturefrombeforeWorldWarII
shouldringsomebellsin I989 (orI979, theyearI started myfieldresearch).The Trobriandsarestillrecognizable fromMalinowski's publications,as are othercultures thathavebeenrestudied.Asweshallsee,t hesame holds forthe Dogon. Descriptionsdatingfrombefore WorldWar II still offera valuable-if dated-introduc- tion to Dogon culture. thiskindofknowledge,linkedinformandc ontentto ongoingpublic knowledge,should still be recognizable in its culturalformateven ifit is no longerbeingtrans- mitted. My fieldstudyofthe Dogon6was partofa multidisciplinaryclusterofresearchesonthetheme ofhuman ecologyin theSahel. Carriedoutbymembersofvarious disciplines(geographyp,hysicalanthrop ologys,ocial anthropologya,rchaeology),researchwas
concentratedon twozones: thefloodplainsoftheNigerDelta, withthe oldcityofDjenneasthefocus,andtheBan diagaraes- carpment.My own researchhad as its centralthemea cultural ecological concern,the relation between reli- gion and the survivalstrategiesof the Dogon. For this Thereis,however,thecomplicationthats omeofthe theme,anevaluationoftheworkofGriaul ewasaneces- crucial informationwas secret. Griaule emphatically sity. As it developed, it increasinglybecame an inte- stated that, though the knowledge revealed was not gratedrestudyof the Dogon. purelypersonalitwasdeemedtobeatthecoreofDoThelocationwasselectedaccordinglyG.r iauleandhis gonpublicculture-it was knownonlytoa
fewinitiates.Itrepresentedbackgroundknowled gethatonly someshouldknowandbuta fewneededtoknow.This was the knowledgeof the initiatedand formedpart of thefabricofDogonthoughtasasystemofs ecrets.Rediscoveringthisknowledgewillnotbeeas y;yetitmust be possible. The problemofsecrecyin cultureis a complexone thathasasyetreceivedlittletheoreticalat tention(cf. Bellman i984). Of course,culturesdo containelements thatarenotreadilydisclosedtooutsiders. Detailsofini- tiationand ritualsare oftennot fullypublic knowledge; in addition to these "official"secrets,the ubiquitous "skeletons in the cupboard"-the shamefulsecrets of thepastandpresent-are kepthiddenfromtheoutsider.
GriaulestatesclearlythatthedeeperDog on knowledge belongsto thefirstclass ofsecrets,hiddennotonlyfrom outsidersbut also fromthe majorityof the popula- tion.Onlya smallportionofthepopulation-Griaule (I952:32-33) estimatesi5%, Lettens(I97I:55I) from Griaule'stextsuggests5% -has thesedeeperinsights. Thequestionthenishowsecretsecretsca nbeandyet collaboratorsworkedmainlyin Sanga,a conglomerate oftenDogonvillagesbuiltclosetogetherA .nimportant marketas well as administrativecentreforthe Dogon area,Sangais in severalways atypical.Its totalpopulationisquitelarge(over6,500 atthemoment),andthe earliestChristianandMusliminfluencera diatedfrom it. Thus, it offersat once a
concentrationofDogon cul- tureanda peculiarvariantofit.FurtherS,angahas been influencedbytourismandinalesserwayb ythetradi- tionofGriauleresearch.I chose a villageofi,8oo people (fig.i) closeenoughtoSanga(9km)toshareitsc ultural variantto a significantdegreeand farenoughfromit to avoid excessive tourism(and researchinfluence).Partof the research,of course,had to be carriedout in Sanga, workingwithinformantfsrombothwithin and beyond Griaule'scircle.The researchstartedwitha reconnais- sance tripin JanuaryI978 followedby fieldworkfrom AprilI979 to JulyI980. I thenmadeeightreturnvisits, eachlastingfromonetothreemonths,ove rthenextten years.7Though I workedin the fieldwith geographers, prehistoriansp,hotographersf,ilmmake
rs,andwriters, thedatapresentedherederivefrommyo wnresearch. be partand parcel of a culture.As sharedmeaningis a crucialaspectofanydefinitionofculture, a secretnot sharedisnotcultural,whileonesharedby veryfewis Culturalecologywasmycentralinterest, andmygenby definitionmarginal.More importantstill,thequestionofsecretsrais esthe eralviewoftraditionalcultureandreligion was(and is) characterizedby a moderatematerialism.I expected Dogonsocietyandreligiontobeshapedto asignificant degreeby the exigenciesof survivalin a harshnatural environmenti,nwhichdroughtsandlocus tsfigureda,s wellashistoricalprocessessuchaswar,sl
averaiding, colonization,and statepenetration.I expecteda smallscale village society such as the Dogon to show some issueofculturalintegrationT.houghaspe ctsofculturecould well be at variance with each other,in a smallscalesocietysuchasaDogonvillagesome integration ofculturecanbeexpected.InGriaule'stex ts,Dogoncultureis representedas fullycoherentand integrated. Moreover,culturalsecretsmay correspondto elements ofpublicculture,sharingwaysofreasonin gandmethintegrationofmaterialbasis,socialorgan izationa,ndreodsofclassificationM.oreoftenthannot,t herevelationligion.Toacertainextent,Ifo undwhatIexpected.His- ofthesecretis therevelationofa symbol-of theway inwhichesotericconceptsaremateriallyr
epresented 6.Forstimulatingcommentsonearlierver sionsofthetextIthank (vanBaalandvanBeeki985). Thus,ifthesecretsre- vealed to Griaule are partofDogon culture,one should beabletoretracethemtosomeextent.Of course,secret knowledgeis vulnerable,as its repositories(in thiscase old Dogon men) have shortlifeexpectancies.However, mygraduatestudentsaswellasKeesOp't Land,PeterStaples,and several Frenchcolleagues.7.The researchwas financedbytwograntsfromtheNetherlan ds Foundation forthe Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO) and by the UniversityofUtrecht,the Foundation Dapper, Agence Aigle, and Time-Life. VAN BEEK Dogon Restudied I I43 My personalviews on Africansociety,as well as my expectationson cominginto the field,are appositehere.
1441 CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY Volume 32, Number 2, April 1991 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~. ~.~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...~~~~~ ~~~~~ ... ...... ... ... 41~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~..~...~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~.. toricalprocessesand ecological pressuresdo influence Dogon societyand culture.However,I foundDogon reli- gionmuch less focusedon environmentalissues thanI had expected,much morea repositoryofhistoricalinci- dentsthan a
responseto historicalprocesses.Also, the integrationof Dogon cultureturnedout to be less than complete;oneexampleisthelooseintegr ationofthe maskcomplexintothemainbodyofritual associated withsacrifice.8 8. In otherrespects,too, my findingsdid not corroboratemy expec- tations. For instance, relations between villages and ethnic groups occurredon a much largerscale than I had expected. My firstre- searchexperiencehad been in the Mandara Mountains ofnorthern Cameroon,amongtheKapsiki/Higi(vanB eek i987). There,histor- ical and social relations hardly ever extended beyond the small mountainarea. Though in many ways the two societies are compa- rable(vanBeek iggob), and thoughhavinglived in anothermilletgrowingarea facilitatedmy personal rapportwith the Dogon way of life,I
had to growaccustomed to the overtharmonyofintervillage relationsand to the greatdistances covered in migratorytraditions. Dogoncultureprovedtobemuchmoreop enthanIhadexpected, eagerto incorporatenew techniques and to establish relationswith centersof power faraway. I also expectedto findthatGriaule's creationmyths werehighlyconstructedbut not directlyrevelantto Dogondailylife.However,realizingthatthis expectation wouldbe sharedbythemajorityoftheprofessionI, was also aware thatfindingthe mythicaland ideologicalcor- pus in the fieldwould be a greatercoup than "disproving"Griaule,andIcertainlyexpectedtofin datleast somebitsandpiecesofthemyths.Onthe
whole,Iwas abletofindmuchlessconcretemateriale venthanIhad expected.The ideas with which Griaule and his informantsworkedsurfacedonlyas allusions,fragmentsof ritualexpression. Workingso close to and in Sanga was in a way a haunting experience. Griaule is still "present" in Sanga,thoughmainlyas theinitiatorofthefirstdam. Researchis considerednormalbut superfluous:"Why write this down? All the books have already been writtenabout us!" Dieterlen's continued research,of course, keeps the memory of Griaule fresh. In the CNRS research house, situated between the village andahotel,remnantsofGriaule'sequipm entarestill stored. FIG i The scree village of Tireli settingforthe
restudy~~~~~~~............ RestudyoftheDogon: Some Results Inordertosetoffmyfindingsagainstthose ofGriaule, I shall concentrate,as he did,on Dogon religion.Issues of social organizationwere on the whole not problem- atic. Paulme (1940) presentsa pictureof Dogon social organizationthat forthe most part can still be found. She depicts a deeply rooted,lineage-basedpatrilineal, virilocal society in which seniority,sexual division of labour,anda strongworkethicholdsway.Thoughsome changeshave occurredin ceremoniesand rituals,they too are still there.Bouju (I984) could referto de Ganay (I937) forherdescriptionoftheenthroningofthe hogon; after43 years,and even in a quite differenvtillage,there was no
need fora new account.The same holdsformost ofthemarriageobservancesthatPaulme notedin I940, thoughsome details have changedand individualdeviancefromthenormshasincreased.Mosto fthedescrip- tionsofthe bulu festivalin Sanga (Paulme and Lifchitz I936) arestillvalid,as arethestandardaccountsofthe honorifictitles(deGanayI941),foxdivina tion(Paulme I937), jokingrelationships(Paulme I939),and relations betweenthe sexes (Paulme I940, I948).In myresearch,Dogon religionemergedas elusive and complicatedbut withinthe rangeofknownAfricanreli- gions.It has limitedrelevanceforeverydaylife:forexample,much ofagricultureis conductedwithoutany referenceto it. Rituals may be groupedinto two major
types:sacrifice,personalorcommunal,a nd thecomplex of death,mask, and sigu rituals,which I shall call the mask complex. The two complexes are partiallyinte- grated.The mythsofmask and sigu originssuggestthat the mask complex is more recent;it does ignoresome distinctionsgoverningDogon social lifesuch as senior- ity(esp.thesigu)and lineageorganization,butofcourse theremaybe otherexplanationsforthis. Sacrifice(fig.2) isperformedatalllevelsofsocialorgaVAN BEEK Dogon RestudiedII45 V~~~~~ .... .- . The timing of sacrifices is determined primarily by the yearlycalendar,thoughdivinationmay indicatead- ditionalofferingTs.he sacrificialcalendaris governedby
nization:individual,family,lineage,clan, ward,village, theonsetoftherainsandthesubsequentc ountingof andevenclusterofvillageswithatradition ofcommon moons.Themainsacrificialeventisthegr eatannual descent(e.g.,inthevillageofArou[Dieterl eni9821).It festival,theburo6(fig.3),heldjustbeforet heonsetof followsapatternofinvocation,immolatio n,andcomtherains(PemuA,lexander,andvanBeeki 982z,Pauline munalconsumption(vanBeek I983b) familiarfrom otherparts of Africa.All kinds of sacrificesmay also bemadebyspecialinterestgroupssuchasblacksmiths, weavers,andgoatherds.Inprincipleeach typeofsacri-
ficehasitsownaltar,calledAmmaafterth eDogonhigh god.Ammayeweis a lineagealtar;a clan altaris called wageu,anagegroupaltarmuno,andavillagealtarlebe (DieterlenI941). Animportantdistinctionobtainsbetweenindividualor groupaltarsand village altars.The latter,entrustedtothecareofspecificclan s,servespecificgoalsandpurposes:theyguardagain stintrusions fromthebush,promotethegeneralhealt handfertility of the village, heal, and solemnize oaths. Some altars havegainedregionalrenownandarevisit edbypeople fromothervillages.On thewhole,thesystemofaltars is a veryopen one; new formsof altars and sacrifices have been introducedregularlythroughoutDogon his-
andLifchitz1936); asmalleroneisheldaftertheharvest.In thesecommunalfestivalsthevariouscat egonies withinthevillagepopulation-old andyoung,menand women,casteandnon-castereinforcetheirmutualdependencyandcomplementarity. Closelylinkedtotheuse ofindividualaltarsarethe notionsofsorceryandwitchcraftT.hegen eralvalueof overtharmonypreventsmanifestations ofthiskind fromeruptingpublic!lya,s any accusation shames both partiesandanunfoundedoneresultsinse riouslossof face(vanBeekI983a). Nevertheless,bothaltarsandspeciallymade objectsmaybe used forantisocialprivate rituals,and witchcrafti,n its specificDogon definition
astheuseofrealorsupernatura"lpoison," isaconsider- able counterpointin Dogon culture(vanBeek i99ob).9 9. The absenceofanyreferencteo witchcrafitn thewritingosf tory.ThusinavillagesuchasTireliatleast4 0 differentGriauleandDieterlenis thereforneotduetoanypeculiarityof typesofaltarscan be found. Dogonculture. I46 | CURRENTANTHROPOLOGYVolume32,N umber2,AprilI99I _^' '. _Zi _i__ __ . _E .,,.R _ m __ LJ _ __l _s!-| |-
I -_ =was __ |l ji iE,2:w.: t.M.._.|._................._........ , 'S11X_ _ __ _ -*,a,_s; .:ES .! __ _: ;' .|........ l{0E_ ____ ] l wI.I.U Witchesarepeople-men orwomen-with innatetend- encies to poison other people. Preventivemeasures againstwitches are common and easy to obtain. Still, the importanceof overt harmonyand the notion of shameprecludethevoicingofsuspicions. As a counterpointwitchcraftiswellhidden-one oftherealsecrets ofDogon society. The mask complex, with its grand rituals of first burial(nyiuyana),mask festivals(dama), and the60-year
festivalsigu, has been widely reported(Griaule I938, Dieterlenand Rouch I97I). It centresaroundquestions ofdeath,fertilitya,ndcomplementarityM .askfestivals (figs.4,5)functionassecondburialsresitu atingthedeceasedasancestors.Atthesametimethe yofferavenue fortheatricalperformancesduringwhich the village youthcancompete(indancing)withtheir peers-behaviournormallyfrownedupon. _& 'SEd_ ._ .s s_.S= I_m l__-|l I_ l . I _w_ | i' *s ] . .K - _ _ .X: _ sNFIG. 3. Twoshamansinfrontoftheward'sbinushr
ineduringtheannualceremonyjustbefor etherains. Thesymbolicinterpretationofthemasks hasshifted throughthevariousrevelatorystagesofD ogonethnogra-phy. My interpretationof these rituals,especially the damaandthesigu,drawsonvariousoppo sitionsappar-ent in Dogon thought.The village/bushoppositionis fundamentalT.hebush(olu)isthesource ofallstrength yebd,atuwunu(intheliteratureAndoum boulou),binu, andwisdom,fearedforitsunpredictabilit ybutneeded andjinu.None ofthesecollectivespiritsareancestors. *l Ls I__ i _}3 X | _11111 _ .
